mexico vocab

dependency (theory)

a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones

A structuralist theory that offers a critique of the modernization model of development. Based on the idea that certain types of political and economic relations (especially colonialism) between countries and regions of the world have created arrangements that both control and limit the extent to which regions can develop.

the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.

Fragile States Index

...an annual report published by the Fund For Peace that ranks the majority of countries in the world on state fragility based on 12 indicators

A measure of state strength, highlighting concerns about fragile and failed states

A measure of the degree to which a state is weak and fragile

global south

a term used to designate the less-developed countries located primarily in the Southern Hemisphere

A term now often used instead of "Third World" to designate the less developed countries located primarily in the Southern Hemisphere.

The underdeveloped and largely poor countries in the world. Often called the third world.

Globalization

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

growth to a global or worldwide scale

human development index

Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy

An indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, that is based on income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

a measure of living conditions using factors such as life expectancy, education, and income

microcredit

the use of very small loans to small groups of individuals, often women, to stimulate economic development

a small loan available to poor entrepreneurs, to help small businesses grow and raise living standards

small loan

multinational corporation (MNC)

As one of the primary agents of globalization, this business has headquarters in one country and production facilities in one or more other countries; sometimes called a transnational corporation.

A large business organization operating in a number of different national economies; the term implies a more extensive form of transnational corporation.

large corporation that produces and sells its goods and services throughout the world

newly industrialized country (NIC)

country that has recently increased the portion of its national production and exports derived from industrial operations

less developed country that has shown significant improvement in the measures of development

a country that has begun transitioning from primarily agricultural to primarily manufacturing and industrial activity

nongovernmental organization

A nonprofit association or group operating outside of government that advocates and pursues policy objectives.

an organization that has no government ties and works to address world problems

an organization that is not part of the local or state or federal government

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

an international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil

An economic organization consisting primarily of Arab nations that controls the price of oil and the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations.

OPEC

structural adjustment (programs)

Economic policies that encourage international trade

Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to private corporations, and charging citizens more for services.

Economic policy changes that countries are required to adopt as a condition of receiving IMF loans.

subsistence economy

a type of economy in which human groups live off the land with little or no surplus

an economic system of relatively simple technology in which people produce most or all of the goods to satisfy their own and their family's needs; little or no exchange occurs outside or the immediate or extended family

a type of economy in which human groups live off the land and have little or no surplus

camarilla

a small group of people, especially a group of advisers to a ruler or politician, with a shared, typically nefarious, purpose

Origin mid 19th century: from Spanish, diminutive of camara 'chamber.'

In Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, a politician's personal following in a patron-client relationship.

a group of secret and often scheming advisers.

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

the political party introduced in 1929 in Mexico that helped to introduce democracy and maintain political stability for much of the 20th century

political party that dominated Mexico's government for much of the 1900s

They win a lot of elections in the Mexican Government. They will dominate for 70 years

maquiladora

Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico.

A factory built by a U.S. company in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in Mexico.

in Mexico, a manufacturing plant owned by a foreign company

mestizo

The term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed native American and European descent.

The term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed native American and European descent.

a person of mixed European and Native American descent

National Action Party (PAN)

Mexican political party that took power in the 2000 presidential election

A Mexican political party that emerged to compete with the PRI in the 1990s. Its leader, Vincente Fox, argued for free markets, fewer tariffs, and a privatization of the Mexican government's oil company.

The leading right-of-center opposition party in Mexico

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Agreement that created a free-trade area among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Agreement signed by the United States, Canada, and Mexico in 1992 to form the largest free trade zone in the world.

Created to allow the free movement of goods between Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. by lessening and eliminating tariffs

Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)

The leading left-of-center opposition party in Mexico

Liberal opposition party founded in 1989, center-left to left-wing on the political spectrum focusing on social democracy and economic nationalism.

Strongest during the 1980's. Supports more liberal reforms and they are supported by younger and politically active in central states

Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX)

Name the national oil company of Mexico established in 1943.

Mexican oil company that became the second largest state-owned company in the world.

Sexeno

The six-year term of a Mexican president.

6 year term of a Mexican president

Six year term for a Mexican president.