Murmurs/ pressure graphs

Aortic stenosis murmur

Harsh- systolic ejection murmur, high-pitched, crescendo- decrescendo (↑intensity-↓intensity) at the RUSB

Aortic insufficiency murmur

High pitched “blowing” diastolic murmur LSB

Diastolic decrescendo

Severe AI murmur

Austin-flint – low-pitched mid to late diastolic rumble associated with severe AI

Mitral stenosis murmur

Low pitched diastolic rumble/ murmur, with an opening snap, best heard at cardiac apex

Murmur secondary to MS

Graham-Steell Murmur:

A high-pitched decrescendo diastolic murmur secondary to severe pulmonary regurgitation when associated with pulmonary hypertension, may be audible at the upper sternal border

Mitral regurgitation murmur

High-pitched, holosystolic murmur radiating to left axilla

Mitral valve prolapse murmur

Mid-late systolic click (due to sudden tensing of chordae), may/not have systolic MR murmur

Normal PG

Mitral stenosis PG

Mitral regurgitation PG

Aortic stenosis PG

Aortic insufficiency PG