Nixon, Ford, and Carter Study Guide

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, policies, and events related to Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Carter.

Silent Majority

Americans who paid taxes, did not demonstrate, and wanted law and order.

New Federalism

Domestic policy initiative aimed at eliminating federal programs and shifting power to state and local governments.

Southern Strategy

Nixon's strategy to appeal to Southern voters by opposing busing for school integration and appointing conservatives.

Law & Order Approach

Nixon's policy focus on targeting radical groups and opposing expanded criminal rights.

Revenue Sharing

Policy allowing states to receive federal funds with fewer restrictions.

Nixon Doctrine

U.S. commitment to assist allies without taking lead in defending free nations globally.

Détente

Policy aimed at relaxing tensions with the USSR, China, and Communist nations.

SALT I

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty that limited nuclear arms between the U.S. and the USSR.

OPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries that imposed an oil embargo on the U.S.

Camp David Accords

Peace treaty negotiated by Carter between Israel and Egypt, earning him the Nobel Peace Prize.

Iran Hostage Crisis

Incident where 52 Americans were held hostage for 444 days during Carter's presidency.

Human Rights

Policy priority under Carter aimed at promoting honesty and fairness in U.S. foreign relations.

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency established to regulate environmental issues.

Clean Air Act of 1970

Legislation that regulated air emissions to protect air quality.

Rachel Carson

Author of 'Silent Spring' who warned against pesticides harming wildlife.

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg

Supreme Court case supporting school busing to desegregate schools.

Affirmative Action

Policy requiring federal contractors to actively recruit African Americans.

UC v. Bakke

Supreme Court case that banned racial quotas in college admissions.

Indian Civil Rights Act

Guaranteed Bill of Rights protections for individuals on Native American reservations.

Architectural Barriers Act

Mandated accessibility in new federal buildings for people with disabilities.

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities in federally funded programs.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Banned discrimination in employment, transportation, public education, and telecommunications for people with disabilities.

Carter Administration Challenges

Faced energy crisis and economic downturn, amidst Middle East conflicts.

Middle East Conflict

Conflict stemming from the creation of Israel and subsequent wars.

Oil Embargo

Economic sanction imposed by OPEC against the U.S. for its support of Israel.

Ayatollah Khomeini

Leader who emerged after the overthrow of the Shah of Iran.

Shah of Iran

Supported by the U.S. but unpopular due to authoritarian rule and Western reforms.

Détente Ends Under Carter

Result of the USSR invasion of Afghanistan leading to the U.S. boycott of the 1980 Olympics.

Economic Downturn

Period of economic decline faced during Carter's presidency.

Peace with Honor

Nixon's objective for U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam.

Opposing Court Rulings

Nixon's strategy to challenge decisions that expanded criminal rights.

Nixon's Vice-President

Southern vice-president chosen as part of the Southern Strategy.

Ford vs. Carter Election of 1976

Election characterized by Carter's outsider status against Ford.

Negotiated Vietnam Ceasefire

Success attributed to Henry Kissinger during Nixon's presidency.

Carter's Foreign Policy Emphasis

Focus on human rights and moral imperatives in foreign policy.

52 Americans Hostage

Number of individuals held during the Iran Hostage Crisis.

Nobel Peace Prize (2002)

Award received by Carter for his role in the Camp David Accords.

Economic Importance of Oil

Significance of OPEC's oil supply and its impact on U.S. policies.

Carter's Negotiation Efforts

Attempts to resolve the Iran Hostage Crisis that ultimately failed.

Carter's Return of Panama Canal

U.S. decision to return control of the canal to Panama.

Disability Rights Movement

Advocacy for equal rights and accessibility for individuals with disabilities.

Environmental Regulations Under Nixon

Initiatives including the establishment of the EPA to promote environmental protection.

Segregation Policies in Schools

Responses such as busing implemented to achieve school desegregation.

Carter's Energy Policy

Efforts aimed at addressing the energy crisis during his presidency.

Middle Eastern Alliances

U.S. support for Israel based on strategic and cultural values.