CompAnat: Chapter 3: Fascia

Fasciae

extensive sheets of connective tissue

Fasciae

interposed between the deeper structures and the skin or they cover and pass between the muscles.

Fasciae

They form attachments for muscles and also facilitate movement of muscles across each other.

Esophagus, Trachea, Salivary Glands

Many of the deeper structures are also surrounded by fasciae, like the

Buccopharyngeal fascia

- A deep layer attached to the buccal wall and a more superficial layer passes under the masseter muscle and over the facial musculature to insert on the facial crest

Temporal fascia

covers the temporal muscle and attaches to the orbital and the zygomatic arch

Pharyngobasilar fascia

extends between the pterygoid, the dorsal border of the mandible and the hyoid apparatus.

Thoracolumbar fascia

The portion covering the thoracic and lumbar region

Thoracolumbar fascia

attaches to the spinous processes of the thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, the supraspinous ligament, the sacral tuberosity, the iliac crest and the coxal tuberosity

aponeurosis

The strong part of thoracolumbar fascia forms the __________ of the broadest muscle of the back (m. latissimus dorsi) and the caudal portion of the dorsal serrated muscle (m. serratus dorsalis caudalis).

Axillary and gluteal fascia

Cranioventrally, the thoracolumbar fascia continues as the

Spinocostotransversal fascia

- it passes over the scapular region

Spinocostotransversal fascia

This fascia forms three layers in the horse.

deep fascia

This fascia lies on the deep surfaces of the muscles of the body wall and blends with the serosal linings of the body cavities

Endothoracic fascia

in the thoracic cavity

Transversal fascia

in the abdominal cavity

Iliac fascia

covers the deep lumbar muscles.

Cutaneous muscles

thin muscular layers which are intimately adherent to the fasciae, with which they form a contractile extensive sheath covering most of the body.

Tense and twitch

Main function of cutaneous muscles

Cutaneous muscles of the head

They are part of the superficial facial musculature

Facial Nerve

Innervated the cutaneous muscles of the hea

Superficial sphincter muscle of the neck

thin transverse muscular band, which, in carnivores, extends along the ventral aspect of the laryngeal region, at the junction of the head and neck

cutaneous muscle of the face

extensive muscular sheet, covering the masseter muscle.

Masseter muscles 

The cutaneous muscle of the face is an extensive muscular sheet that covers the?

Cutaneous muscle of the face

It tenses and moves the skin of the head and draws the commissure of the lips caudally.

deep sphincter muscle of the neck

Lies beneath the platysma and cutaneous muscles of the face on the lateral aspect of head and neck.

deep sphincter muscle of the neck

It tenses the superficial fascia in the laryngeal region.

Cervical branch of facial nerve

The cutaneous muscles of the neck are innervated by the

cervical superficial sphincter

muscle is only present in carnivores

cervical superficial sphincter

direct continuation of the sphincter colli superficialis of the head and, as such, covers the ventral side of the neck from the head to the chest.

platysma

well-developed muscular sheet in carnivores and pigs, which radiates into the facial cutaneous muscle.

platysma

It tenses and moves the skin on the dorsal and lateral side of the neck.

cervical cutaneus muscle

situated at the ventral aspect of the neck.

cervical cutaneus muscle

It originates from the manubrium of the sternum and covers the jugular groove.

Cervical cutaneous muscles

It is not present in carnivores.

Abdominal part of cutaneous muscle (cutaneous trunci)

extensive muscle layer which covers the lateral, ventral and dorsal walls of the thorax and abdomen.

Cutaneous omobrachial muscle

extension of the abdominal part of the cutaneous muscle on the forelimb.

Cutaneous omobrachial muscle

It covers the lateral aspect of the shoulder and arm in ruminants and the horse and tenses the skin in that region

Preputial muscles

present in carnivores, pigs and ruminant and are strongest in the bull

cranial portion

Division of preputial muscles that protracts

Caudal portion

Division of preputial muscles that retracts

Supramammary muscles

paired muscle in female carnivores

Supramammary muscles

extending between the xiphoid to the pubic region, covering the mammary glands

Groups

The facial, masticatory and pharyngeal musculatures are described as

levator muscle of the upper lip

strongest muscle of the facial group

depressor muscle of the upper lip

present only in ruminants and pigs.

depressor muscle of the lower lip

present in all domestic mammals except carnivores

zygomatic muscle

thin muscle plate, which originates rostral to the facial crest in the horse and from the fascia covering the masseter muscle in ruminants

buccinator muscle

forms the muscular wall of the oral cavity

Carnivores and Pigs

Muscles of the nose are rudimentary in

Ruminants and horse

Muscles of the nose are well developed

Muscles of the nose

Their main function is the dilatation of the nostrils.