Roles of the Press in Development Communication

A structured list of flashcards covering key concepts, terms, and theories related to the roles of the press in Development Communication.

What are the four theories of the press?

Authoritarian, Libertarian, Soviet-Centralist, and Social Responsibility.

What does the term 'Development Communication' refer to?

Considered the fifth theory of the press, focusing on societal transformation and development.

Who authored 'The Four Theories of the Press'?

Siebert, Peterson, and Schramm in 1956.

What is the critique of Nerone regarding the 'Four Theories of the Press'?

The work does not provide four theories, but rather one theory with four examples.

What type of media systems did Altschull propose?

Three types characterized as truth seekers, responsible, and serving the people.

What was the significant outcome of the EDSA revolution?

It showcased the media's role in advocating for democracy.

What is the role of the press in a democracy?

To hold government accountable and educate the public.

What event exemplified media's power in the Philippines post-Martial Law?

The EDSA Revolution.

What does the term 'media explosion' refer to?

The resurgence of media outlets circulating freely after Martial Law.

What did Dr. Alexander Flor contribute to the concept of press theory?

Presented Development Communication as the Fifth Theory of the Press.

What does the concept of 'Public Agenda' mean in media studies?

The set of issues that the public perceives as important.

Define 'Press Freedom'.

The right to publish without governmental restrictions.

What are the three categories of rights in communication according to the lecture?

Personal rights, Intellectual property rights, and Newsgathering rights.

What significant law protects the freedom of information in the Philippines?

The Freedom of Information Executive Order No. 2 s. 2016.

What does 'cultivation theory' examine?

The long-term effects of television on audiences' perceptions of reality.

What is the Spiral of Silence theory?

The phenomenon where individuals with minority opinions remain silent to avoid isolation.

What are the main components of Media Ownership in the Philippines?

Legal basis, concentration, political control, and transparency.

What role do citizen journalists play?

Participate in the news production process, contributing content and perspectives.

What constitutes libel under Philippine law?

A public and malicious imputation of a crime or vice against an individual.

What ethical principles guide communication practitioners?

Truthfulness, fairness, confidentiality, and responsibility.

What is the significance of 'Community Media'?

Fosters local voices, enhances citizen participation, and challenges mainstream narratives.

What type of media ownership is considered by the Constitution?

Ownership is limited to citizens of the Philippines.

What is the primary focus of Uses and Gratifications theory?

Understanding why people actively seek out specific media to satisfy needs.

How does the 'Golden Mean' principle relate to ethics?

Suggests virtue lies between two extremes, advocating for moderation.

Identify the four elements required to establish libel in court.

Defamatory, publicity, malice, and identifiability.

What does 'intellectual property' include?

Creations of the mind, including inventions, literary and artistic works.

What is the purpose of the Freedom of Information Bill?

To promote access to government-held information for transparency.

Describe the 'Media as Kingmaker' concept.

The influence of media in shaping political landscapes and candidates’ success.

What is the impact of online hate on victims?

Causes anxiety, depression, and can lead to emotional and physical harm.

What unique responsibility do media practitioners have?

To balance the right to inform the public while respecting individuals' privacy.

How has social media changed the landscape of journalism?

Created new platforms for engagement and content creation, but also risks misinformation.

What historical context informed the formulation of the Philippine media landscape?

Colonial rule and subsequent democratic movements shaped the current dynamics.

How do ethics intersect with media practice?

Ethics guide journalists in making responsible decisions that affect public discourse.

What was one key finding from studies on media violence?

Media violence can influence viewer behavior, but the extent of effect varies.

What legal frameworks protect journalists in the Philippines?

Constitutional protections, libel laws, and intellectual property laws.

Define 'National Security' as it relates to media content.

Content that may threaten the stability and security of the nation is regulated.

What shows an increase in sexualization in media from the 1960s to the 2000s?

A significant rise in sexualized images of women compared to men on magazine covers.

What example illustrates the power of media in a significant political transition?

The media's role in the transition from dictatorship to democracy in the Philippines.

Identify one challenge facing journalists in the current political climate.

The increasing violence and intimidation against journalists.

What do communication practitioners study to navigate ethical dilemmas?

Ethical frameworks and principles relevant to their practice.

What does the principle of social responsibility in media focus on?

Ensuring that media outputs contribute positively to society.

Discuss the consequence of 'celebrity politics' on public perception.

Celebrities running for office may shift focus from policy issues to personality traits.

What is 'cyberbullying'?

Harassment or intimidation carried out through digital platforms.

How does user interaction on social media affect political engagement?

Facilitates discussion and mobilization but may also lead to misinformation.

What motivates citizen journalism?

Desire for empowerment, representation, and authenticity in news stories.

What key principle is central to ethical journalism?

The commitment to truth and factual reporting.

Name the three prominent threats to press freedom in the Philippines.

Violence against journalists, government censorship, and legal harassment.

Define 'fair use' in the context of copyright law.

Allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for specific purposes.

How does media control affect public discourse?

Restricts diversity of information and can manipulate public opinion.

What is the role of the National Privacy Commission in the Philippines?

Oversees compliance with laws protecting individual personal information.

What societal factors influence media consumption patterns?

Education, economic status, and access to technology impact viewer choices.

In what way can the media serve as a watchdog?

Monitor actions of government and institutions to promote accountability.

What is the significance of social media algorithms?

Determine the visibility of content, potentially amplifying certain narratives.

What does regulatory safeguard mean in the context of media ownership?

Laws in place to ensure diverse ownership and prevent monopolies.

How are ethical dilemmas heightened in digital journalism?

Increased pressure for speed and sensationalism can compromise standards.

What impact does sensationalism in media have on public perception?

Can distort reality and encourage misinformed opinions among the public.

Describe the role of media in civic engagement.

Facilitates informed citizenry and active participation in governance.

What elements complicate the relationship between media and politics?

Mutual dependence, corruption, and the influence of public opinion.

How have media ownership laws evolved in the Philippines?

Regulations have relaxed, allowing greater corporate control.

What role does technology play in modern journalism?

Enables faster reporting but also spreads misinformation rapidly.

What is a primary focus of media law in terms of regulatory frameworks?

Ensure fair practices and protect the rights of individuals.

What does the term 'libel chill' refer to?

A situation where fear of being sued for libel discourages free speech.