LC CHEMISTRY- RADIOACTIVITY

REBECCA'S LC CHEMISTRY- RADIOACTIVITY KNOWT

radioactivity

spontaneous breaking of unstable nuclei with emission of radiation

radioisotope

a radioactive isotope

isotope

atoms of the same element with the same atomic numbers but different mass numbers

alpha particle

2 protons, 2 neutrons, he2+, weak penetrating power, stopped by paper

beta particle

• high-speed electron

• medium penetrating power

• stopped by 4mm al

gamma radiation

• high-energy waves

• strong penetrating power,

• stopped by cm of pb

alpha decay example

²¹⁰Po → ²⁰⁶Pb + ⁴He

beta decay example

¹⁴C → ¹⁴N + e⁻

nuclear reaction

alters the nucleus and forms new elements with nuclear energy release

half-life

time for half the nuclei of a radioactive sample to decay

cobalt-60

use in cancer treatment

americium 241

smoke detectors

carbon-14

use in radiocarbon dating

differences between reactions

nuclear reactions form new elements chemical reactions don’t

explain the origin of the electron released as a beta particle or
explain clearly where the electron lost by the carbon atom in this process comes from or
what happens in a radioactive nucleus during beta decay

neutron changed to proton and this an electron

are beta particles more or less penetrating than alpha particles

more

suggest a reason why it is not possible to change lead (Pb) atoms to gold (Au) atoms by a chemical reason or a series of chemical reactions

chemical reactions involve electrons only

what's the name give to the type of nuclear radiation involving the release of electrons

beta

relative atomic mass

average mass of an element which occurs in nature compared to 1/12 of the carbon 12 isotope