Lecture 1: Cranium

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Neurocranium

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Viscerocranium

Name the cranial nerves that supply ONLY efferent (motor) fibers

Oculomotor (CN III), Trochlear (CN IV), Abducens (CN VI), Spinal Accessory (CN XI), and Hypoglossal (CN XII)

Name the cranial nerves that supply ONLY afferent (sensory) fibers

Olfactory (CN I), Optic (CN II), and Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

What nerve is CN I?

Olfactory

What nerve is CN II?

Optic

What nerve is CN III?

Oculomotor

What nerve is CN IV?

Trochlear

What nerve is CN V?

Trigeminal

What nerve is CN VI?

Abducent

What nerve is CN VII?

Facial

What nerve is CN VIII

Vestibulocochlear

What nerve is CN IX?

Glossopharyngeal

What nerve is CN X?

Vagus

What nerve is CN XI?

Spinal accessory

What nerve is CN XII?

Hypoglossal

What does the olfactory nerve (CN I) do?

Give sense of smell

What does the optic nerve (CN II) do?

Give sight

What does the oculomotor nerve (CN III) do?

Moves all extrinsic eye muscles EXCEPT superior oblique (CN IV) and lateral rectus (VI)

What does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) do?

Moves the superior oblique muscle of the eye

What does the abducent nerve (CN VI) do?

Moves the lateral rectus muscle of the eye

What does the trigeminal nerve (CN V) do? (Motor)

Moves muscles of mastication

What does the trigeminal nerve (CN V) do? (Sensory)

Gives sense of feeling to the face, nose, mouth, teeth, and anterior 2/3 of the tongue

What does the facial nerve (CN VII) do? (Motor)

Moves facial expression muscles and stimulates submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands

What does the facial nerve (CN VII) do? (Sensory)

Senses taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and soft palate

What does the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) do?

Maintains equilibrium and motion; senses hearing

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) do? (Motor)

Moves stylopharyngeous and stimulates parotid gland

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) do? (Sensory)

Senses taste from the posterior 1/3 of tongue and general sensation of the throat

What does the vagus nerve (CN X) do? (Motor)

Moves palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, heart, and GI tract to the left colic flexure

What does the vagus nerve (CN X) do? (Sensory)

Reflex from trachiobronchial tree, lungs, heart and GI tract to left colic flexture

What does the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) do?

Moves the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

What does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) do?

Moves all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue NOT INCLUDING the palatoglosus and palatine muscles

If CN I were damaged, what would happen?

Loss of smell and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

If CN II were damaged, what would happen? (two things)

Loss of pupillary constriction or visual field defects

If CN III were damaged, what would happen?

Dilated pupil, eye turns in and out, pupillary reflex is gone

If CN IV were damaged, what would happen?

Inability to look down the eye is adducted

If CN V were damaged, what would happen?

Loss of pain and touch

If CN VI were damaged, what would happen?

Eye fails to move laterally; diplopia on lateral gaze

If CN VII were damaged, what would happen?

Paralysis of facial muscles; eyes stay open and angle of mouth droops

If CN VIII were damaged, what would happen?

Progressive unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus

If CN IX were damaged, what would happen?

Loss of taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue and loss of sensation on soft palate

If CN X were damaged, what would happen?

Sagging of soft palate, paralysis of vocal chord, deviation of uvula

If CN XI were damaged, what would happen?

Paralysis of sternocleiodomastoid and descending fibers of trapezius; drooping of shoulder

If CN XII were damaged, what would happen?

Protruded tongue deviates towards affected side; moderate dysarthria

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Glabella

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Bregma

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Vertex

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Lambda

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Inion

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Asterion

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Pterion

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Nasion

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Vertex

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Superior temporal line

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Inferior temporal line

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Parietal eminence

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External occipital crest

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Occipital condyle

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Inferior nuchal line

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Styloid process

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Mastoid process

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External occipital protuberance (inion)

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Superior nuchal line

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Squamous part of occipital bone

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Lambdoid suture

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Lambda

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Sagittal suture

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Parietal emissary foramina

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Dorsum sellae

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Internal acoustic meatus

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Superior petrosal sinus groove

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Inferior petrosal sinus groove

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Sigmoid sinus groove

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Foramen magnum

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Hypoglossal canal

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Jugular foramen

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Basilar part of occipital bone (clivus)

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Parietal eminence

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Incisive fossa

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Palatine process of maxilla

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Horizontal plate of palatine bone

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Posterior nasal spine

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Choana

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Vomer

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Zygomatic arch

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Lateral plate of pterygoid process

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Foramen ovale

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Bony part of pharyngolympanic tube

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Foramen lacerum

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Pharyngeal tubercle

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Carotid canal

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Jugular foramen

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Groove for digastric muscle’s posterior belly

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Occipital condyle

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External occipital crest

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External occipital protuberance

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Inferior nuchal line

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Groove for occipital artery

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Mastoid process

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Stylomastoid foramen