Exam 5

The Greater Omentum is an example of which serous membrane?

a. mucosae

b. mesentery

c. epithelium

d. tunica media

The Greater Omentum is an example of which serous membrane?

a. mucosae

b. mesentery

c. epithelium

d. tunica media

b. mesentery

Which GI tract layer is the most SUPERFICIAL?

a. serosa

b. mucosa

c. muscularis externa

d. submucosa

a. serosa

Which of the following digestive structure or organ is responsible for producing bile?

a. parotid gland

b. liver

c. pancreas

d. gall bladder

b. liver

The process of chemical digestion actually begins where in the digestive system?

a. small intestine

b. large intestine (colon)

c. mouth

d. liver

c. mouth

Which structure makes up a portion of the Renal Corpuscle?

a. proximal convoluted tubule

b. renal papilla

c. collecting ducts

d. glomerulus

d. glomerulus

Besides the formation of fecal material, what is another major function of the Large Intestine (Colon)?

a. conserves pancreatic juices

b. continuation of digestion

c. conservation of water

d. reabsorption of nutrients

c. conservation of water

Which is NOT an accessory digestive organ?

a. liver

b. pancreas

c. salivary glands

d. stomach

d. stomach

Processed “nutrient-rich” blood leaves the liver by these vessels BEFORE draining into the Inferior Vena Cava.

a. hepatic veins

b. hepatic portal vein

c. splenic vein

d. portal triad

b. hepatic portal vein

Which of the following is NOT a usual function of the Stomach?

a. moves chyme into the duodenum

b. kills bacteria

c. absorption of most foods

d. churns food with muscular action

c. absorption of most foods

Which digestive organ produces the hormone Gastrin to aid in digestion in the Stomach?

a. pancreas

b. liver

c. small intestine

d. stomach

d. stomach

Which digestive gland secretes enzymes that digests starches into sugars?

a. parotid gland

b. liver

c. stomach

d. lacrimal gland

a. parotid gland

Which of the following is NOT a section of the small intestine?

a. ileum

b. duodenum

c. jejunum

d. cecum

d. cecum

Each individual (pouch-like) segment of the large intestine are called:

a. colon

b. rectum

c. haustra

d. crypts

c. haustra

Ascites, as abnormal accumulation of fluid into the peritoneal cavity, is associated with a severe disorder involving which digestive organ?

a. gall bladder

b. stomach

c. small intestine

d. liver

d. liver

The Cystic Duct connects which accessory digestive organ?

a. submandibular gland

b. liver

c. pancreas

d. gall bladder

d. gall bladder

Where in the digestive tract is the “Sphincter of Oddi” located?

a. in the mouth

b. entering the duodenum

c. at the external urethral orifice

d. between the jejunum and the ileum

b. entering the duodenum

Immune (lymphatic) tissue localized in intestinal mucosa that protects you from invading microorganisms:

a. MALT
b. Dust cells

c. monocytes

d. antibodies

a. MALT

Where would you find Brush Border Enzymes?

a. on Microvilli

b. on stomach rugae

c. in the Cecum

d. at the Hepatopancreatic Ampulla (of Vater)

a. on Microvilli

Which structure is NOT part of the Portal Triad?

a. hepatic portal

b. cystic duct

c. bile duct

d. hepatic a.

b. cystic duct

Which is a substance not normally excreted by kidneys?

a. urea

b. ammonia

c. glucose

d. creatinine

c. glucose

An analysis of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine is called a:

a. urinalysis

b. filtration study

c. concentration study

d. diuresis

a. urinalysis

The action of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) would result in which of the following:

a. increased blood pressure

b. stimulation of ADG

c. increase of intracellular Sodium

d. increased urine volume

d. increased urine volume

Hyposecretion of ADH resulting in severe Polyuria

a. diabetes mellitus

b. diabetes insipidus

c. acute renal failure

d. loss of body fluids and bicarbonate due to chronic diarrhea

b. diabetes insipidus

The amount of solute (concentration) per liter of solution is commonly referred to as the:

a. osmolarity

b. pH

c. percent solute absorbed

d. solute malabsoprtion

a. osmolarity

All of these structures enter the Renal Hilum, except:

a. the nephron

b. renal a.

c. renal v.

d. ureter

a. the nephron

Immediately after leaving the glomerulus, blood then enters into which named vessel(s)?

a. afferent arteriole

b. efferent arteriole

c. Vasa Recta

d. peritubular capillaries

b. efferent arteriole

Which segment of the renal nephron reabsorbs most glomerular filtrate (NaCl, glucose, water, etc.)

a. PCT
b. Descending loop

c. Ascending loop

d. DCT

a. PCT

Generally speaking, what is the PRIMARY function of the nephron system of the tubules?

a. lymphocytic action to kill bacteria

b. secretion of K+

c. conservation of water

d. excretion of Ca++

c. conservation of water

Which hormone has the effect of increasing reabsorption of NA+ (and with it, water) at the DCT and Collecting Duct?

a. ADH

b. Vasopressin

c. ANP

d. Aldosterone

a. ADH

Which segment(s) of the Nephron is under strict control by hormones (Aldosterone, ADH, ANP, PTH)?

a. PCT
b. Descending loop

c. Ascending loop

d. DCT and Collecting Duct

d. DCT and Collecting Duct

Regarding the nephron, any substance that is ‘secreted’ from the blood into the renal tubules:

a. ends up in the urine

b .in reabsorbed into the Vasa Recta

c. has an overabundance of H+

d. results in anurea

a. ends up in the urine

The Countercurrent Multiplier System refers to which segment of the Nephron?

a. Nephron loops

b. DCT

c. Collecting Duct

d. Renal corpuscle

a. Nephron loops

Countercurrent exchange:

a. is not similar in mechanism as Countercurrent Multiplier

b. takes place in the Vasa Recta

c. takes place in the renal tubules only

d. is a type of urinalysis

b. takes place in the Vasa Recta

Which of the following would result in a decrease in urine volume?

a. ADH

b. Aldosterone

c. dehydration

d. all of these

d. all of these

Noted with Glucosuria:

a. normal urine output

b. clear indication of kidney disease related to diabetes

c. oliguria (low urine output)

d. clear indication of a UTI related to an STD

b. clear indication of kidney disease related to diabetes

What situation would reduce Glomerular Filtration Rate?

a. constriction of the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus

b. dilation of the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus

c. obstruction of the DCT

d. reduction in blood volume due to hemorrhage

a. constriction of the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus

What is the Net Filtration Pressure that moves filtrate into Bowman’s Capsule?

a. 50 mmHg

b. 30 mmHg

c. 100 mmHg

d. 10 mmHg

d. 10 mmHg

Nutrient-rich blood that has been absorbed in the small intestines goes to which accessory digestive organ for processing?

A. liver

B. kidneys

C. gall bladder

D. stomach

A. liver

The functional units of the kidney that produce urine are called:

a. renal columns

b. ureters

c. nephrons

d. renal papillae

c. nephrons

In order to prevent Metabolic Acidosis (blood becoming acidic), the kidneys must be able to excrete:

a. hydrogen ion (H+)

b. calcium ion (Ca++)

c. magnesium ion (Mg++)

d. potassium ion (K+)

a. hydrogen ion (H+)

All of the following are major processes essential to urine production in the Nephron, except ___.

a. filtration

b. tubular reabsorption

c. tubular secretion

d. micturition

d. micturition

Secretion of the hormone RENIN from the kidney ultimately results in secretion of Aldosterone that:

a. ultimately results in water retention by reabsorption of Na+

b. triggers release of ADH

c. results in polyuria

d. significantly increases GFR

a. ultimately results in water retention by reabsorption of Na+

The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman’s capsule that makes up the Renal Corpuscle is called the:\

a. Vasa Recta

b. efferent arteriole

c. peritubular capillary

d. glomerulus

d. glomerulus

The right and left hepatic ducts from the liver drain bile directly into the:

a. hepatic portal v.

b. cystic duct

c. common hepatic duct

d. Ampulla of Vater

c. common hepatic duct

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of:

a. the PCT and the filtration membrane

b. juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa

c. glomerulus and the DCT

d. both ascending and descending nephron loops

b. juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa

Which of the following functions would NOT be performed by the kidney?

a. excretion of liquid waste

b. maintenance of normal blood pH

c. urine storage

d. maintenance of body fluid balance

c. urine storage

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them.

1. nephron loops

2. Bowman’s capsule

3. distal convoluted tubule

4. proximal convoluted tubule

a. 2, 4, 3, 1

b. 1, 2, 3, 4

c. 2, 4, 1, 3

d. 3, 4, 1, 2

c. 2, 4, 1, 3

What is the impact or effect of the Parasympathetic Nervous System on digestion?

a. digestion continues

b. digestion ceases

c. liver shuts down

d. gastric juice is secreted

a. digestion continues

What is the destination of urine after it leaves the Renal Pelvis?

a. PCT
b. papillary duct

c. major calyx

d. ureters

d. ureters

Male and female urethras differ mainly:

a. in length

b. the type of urine produced

c. the male urethra carries sperm besides urine

d. both A and C

d. both A and C

The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the:

a. calyx

b. renal pelvis

c. renal medulla

d. renal cortex

c. renal medulla

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract?

a. pancreas

b. pharynx

c. colon

d. stomach

a. pancreas

Which digestive activity is NOT correctly matched to its location?

a. absorption of nutrients- small intestine

b. storage of bile- liver

c. production of gastrin- stomach

d. digestion of carbohydrates- mouth

b. storage of bile- liver

The primary function of Plicae Circularis (circular folds) of the Small Intestine is to:

a. produce proteins

b. liberate hormones

c. increase surface area for food absoprtion

d. harbor lymphocytes

d. harbor lymphocytes

The Hepatopancreatic Ampulla (Of Vater) is formed by the union of the:

a. pancreatic duct with the lacteals

b. hepatic ducts and cystic ducts

c. cystic ducts and interlobular ducts

d. common bile duct and pancreatic duct

d. common bile duct and pancreatic duct

The ___ is the most distal portion of the small intestine.

a. accessory duct

b. jejunum

c. ilium

d. duodenum

c. ilium

What is the name of the “valve” that allows pancreatic enzymes and bile to enter the Duodenum?

a. sphincter of oddi

b. hepatic duct

c. duodenal ampulla

d. ilio-cecal valve

a. sphincter of oddi

What is the function of the gallbladder?

a. stores and concentrates bile

b. produces bile

c. stores bicarbonate

d. adds pigment to bile

a. stores and concentrates bile

Which of the following is both an endocrine and exocrine gland?

a. spleen

b. pancreas

c. liver

d. colon

b. pancreas

Arrange these colon segments into correct order.

1. ascending colon

2. descending colon

3. sigmoid colon

4. transverse colon

a. 1, 2, 3, 4

b. 1, 4, 3, 2

c. 1, 4, 2, 3

d. 2, 3, 1, 4

c. 1, 4, 2, 3