Intensive Old Testament Final

Dr. Parke, Bib 111

Abner

Commander of Israelite Army

Saul’s right hand man

Installed Ish-Bosheth as king

Killed by Joab

Absalom

Son of David

Full brother of Tamar

Kills Amnon for Raping Tamar

Comes home after 3 years and is ignored by David for 2 more

Revolts against David

Adonijah

Oldest living first-born of David and claims to be king
Killed by Solomon

Amnon

Son of David

Half brother of Tamar and Absalom

Killed by Absalom for raping Tamar

amphictyony

Political situation in Israel during the book of Judges.

a loose association of neighboring tribes for a common purpose.

Assyrians

Led by God, destroyed the Northern Kingdom of Israel.

anointing

pouring of olive oil on the head of a priest, prophet, or king.

oil = spirit of God.

Apocrypha

Intertestamental books written by Jewish authors.

-Hidden / Obscure

autograph

Original document written in original authors handwriting

ark of the covenant

commemorated the Sinaitic Covenant

storage box that originally held the 10 commandments

box lid = mercy seat

Babylonians

Led by God, Destroyed the Southern Kingdom of Judah

Bathsheba

Daughter of Eliam (one of the mighty men and David’s supporters)

Wife of Uriah the Hittite (one of the mighty men)

Mother of Solomon by David

(David did not sin by seeing her bathe, he sinned when he gave in and followed through with temptation)

Benaiah

2nd in command of Israel’s Army (chief of Solomons)

Supported Solomon (not Adonijah)

Killed Adonijah and Joab

clean

ritual purity

anything edible or acceptable for worship

court record

a document that refers to what happens in the royal palace, similar to a daily journal or log. (everything said and done by the king.

Dead Sea Scrolls

oldest known copies of Old Testament books

written by Essenes

Elohim

Translated to God, god, or gods

masculine plural noun

exile

when Israelite prisoners were taken against their will to Babylon

Gideon

judge

oppressor = Amalekites, Midianites, and People of the East

scared and skeptical

took 300 men into battle with torches, pots and rams horns, enemy killed itself.

God’s Providence

His ability to see ahead and know

“to see before”

holy

moral purity

set apart for religious purpose

reserved for → different than

antonym - profane

holy of holies

back of the tabernacle where God’s presence resided

only priest were allowed to enter

image of God

We are LIKE God, but we are NOT God

Physical - posture, walk upright

Mental - brain, personality, intelligence, self-aware

Spiritual - we have a soul

Unity in Plurality - the holy trinity compared to one human race and two genders

iniquity

taking something good and ruining it

perversion, crookedness

Ish-bosheth

Son of Saul

Made king by Abner

“Man of Sorrow”

real name is Eshbaal

assassinated by Rechab and Baanah

Jamnia

Town in Ancient Israel where Rabbis' met to discuss canonical scripture (possibly adding the apocrypha)

Jeroboam I

Servant of Solomon whom the Norther Kingdom was given to after it was torn from Rehoboam

first king of the Northern Kingdom

Wicked

Jerusalem

Capital of the Northern Kingdom

Joab

Davids Nephew

Unofficial commander-in-chief of David’s supporters

killed abnar

endorsed adonijah as king

threat to solomon

assassinated by Benaiah

Jonathan

david’s best friend

saul’s son

“crown prince”

Mephibosheth

son of Jonathan, grandson of Saul

David cared for him and allowed him to sit at the kings table for his entire life

name

reveals character

Nathan

prophet

political advisor to david

confronted david in his sin

nazirite

voluntary
temporary
opportunity for anyone who could be holy for God
You must avoid haircuts, grapes, and corpses

Pentateuch

Greek word for Torah
"five scrolls"
first 5 books of Bible

Philistines

enemy of israel and saul

defeated israel and killed Saul and Jonathan

sea faring people

progressive revelation

early prophets knew less about God than later prophets because God revealed more of himself as time went on

Prophets

Largest Section of Tanakh and Old Testament Canon

Divided into former and latter

proto-evangelium

latin - "first gospel"
Serpent will bruise the heel of the seed of the woman, but the seed will crush its head

Ramases II

“Pharaoh of the Exodus”

Rehoboam

Solomon’s son who decided to be very harsh with the people

10 northern tribes were torn from him and formed the Northern Kingdom

only ruled over Judah and Benjamin

Samson

judge

oppressor = philistines

parents chose and decided he would be a nazarite

luscious hair that gave him his strength as long as he didn’t cut it

cut his hair and was enslaved and gained enough strength to collapse a philistine party and kill everyone there.

accomplished and killed more in one night than his entire life

Samuel

miracle child

given to the church as promised

steps up at young age due to Eli’s death

call to ministry was from the Audible voice of God

priest prophet and judge

anoints Israels first 2 kings

Abraham

Man of Faith

"George Washington" of Israel

Liar - says that Sarah is his sister TWICE

Abrahamic Covenant - land, great nation, name great,

Covenant Ceremony - he watches God(smoke and fire)walk in between animal pieces

Birth of Ishmael

Birth of Isaac

Test of Abraham - "sacrificing his future" (sacrificing Isaac)

Jacob

"you reap what you sow"

"what goes around comes around"

Younger twin

"heel grabber, one closely following, supplanter"

"peaceful man, living in tents"

Mama's boy

Steals Esau's birthright over a meal

Steals Esau's blessing too

Runs away and lives with his Uncle Laban

Asks for Rachel's hand in marriage, is tricked into working 7 yrs for Leah, then works 7 more years for Rachel

Cheats Laban then runs away

Wrestles with an angel of God, causing a permanent limp

Jacob changes to Israel

Reconciles with Esau

Joseph

Righteous Regardless

God's Providence

Favorite son

Hated brother

Dream interpreter

First-born of Rachel

Sold into slavery twice

Finds favor with Potiphar and becomes 2nd in charge

Potiphar's wife tries to get Joseph to lie with her, accuses him of rape and he is thrown in jail

Finds favor with jailer and is made 2nd in charge of jail

Interpret's dreams for Chief baker and cupbearer

Interprets Pharaoh's dreams and finds himself 2nd in command over Egypt

In 2nd year of famine Joseph's family visits Egypt, he tests them, then reveals to them his identity

Family moves to Egypt and Jacob is reunited with Joseph

Moses

birth during infantcide

sent by his mother and floats down the Nile

found and raised by Pharaoh’s daughter

kills Egyptian taskmaster

flees into the wilderness

burning bush

Spends 40 yrs as a shepherd for Jethro

Exodus (red sea parting)

covenant at Mt. Sinai (called up to top by god for 40 days and nights, and receives 10 commandments)

disobedient at Meribah by his lack of faith and striking rock

death before entering Promised Land

Septuagint (LXX)

greek translation of the Old Testament

Seti I

"Pharaoh of the Oppression"
Policy of enslavement and infanticide

sin

missing the mark
to fall short
origin = archery

tabernacle

"tent of meeting"

portable shrine

worship center

symbolized God’s presence

revealed that God is mobile

foreshadowed Jesus’ incarnation and heaven

Tamar

daughter of David

full sister to Absalom and half sister to Amnon.

Raped by Amnon, resulting in his murder

tell

A mound of human debris composed of layers of occupation built one on top of another

Torah

hebrew for first 5 books of the bible

the law

transgression

rebellion

breaking the law

Uriah the Hittite

One of David’s mighty men

husband to Bathsheba

David sent him to the front line of the battle for him to be killed so he could marry Bathsheba.

Yahweh

Hebrew word for LORD

Writings

The remaining books of the Old Testament that are not included in the Torah or Prophets.

Purpose of Archaeology

To reconstruct the history and culture of a civilization

Archaeology’s 3 Relationships to Biblical Studies

Supplementation - adds information thats not in the Bible, such as: Language, History, Customs, and Religion

Illustration - same information, but in a different format

Confirmation - Archeology verifies the truthfulness and accuracy of the Bible

Characteristics of the Narrative

God is the "protagonist"
OT narratives are not allegories or stories filled with hidden meanings
OT narratives are selective
OT narratives teach indirectly

6 Teachings of the Doctrine of Creation

Monotheism: ONE God

God is Creator, but He is separate from creation

The process of creation was orderly, not chaos

Creation was inherently good

Mankind is the climax of creation

God desires an intimate relationship with mankind

4 Views of the Flood

Local
Tidal Wave
Global
Nihilistic View

I AM THAT I AM

He is an active being - I AM the all seeing one (hasn’t missed a thing, anything He ever was, is, and will be, he is right now)

He is the eternal present - I AM He who causes what is (sovereign, everything that has every happened, happened in the present)

He is presence - I AM He who is there for you (ultimate first responder)

Noahic Covenant

Unconditional

God promised that he would never flood the entire earth again, signified with a rainbow (Gen 9:11)

Abrahamic Covenant

Unconditional

Promises - God will give him a land, make his name great, and make hima great nation

“Cut” the covenant to make it official and witnessed God appear through the form of smoke and fire

(Gen 12:1-3)

Sinaitic Covenant

Conditional on their obedience

“I will be your God, you will be My people”

Davidic Covenant

Unconditional

I will establish your throne forever

Fulfilled by Jesus

2 Kinds of Law

Admonitions (Do’s)

Prohibitions (Don’ts)

5 Levitical Offerings

Burnt - general, unintentional sin (mandatory, atonement)

Sin - specific, unintentional sin (mandatory, atonement)

Guilt - unintentional sin that requires restitution (mandatory, atonement)

Cereal - to secure or retain goodwill (optional)

Peace - to render thanks to Yahweh (optional)

3 Addresses from Deuteronomy

Acts of Yahweh (1:6 - 4:40)

Law of Yahweh (5:1 - 26:19)

Covenant with Yahweh (27:1 - 30:20)

2 Characteristics of the historical books

selective

no secondary causes

Cherem / “ban”

to devote, to ban, to utterly destroy

4 reasons of a Cherem / “Ban”

1. Standard practice

2. Progressive Revelation

3. Judgement upon sinners

4. To preserve to purity of the Israelite faith

What is a Judge

Picked by the Lord
Temporary leaders, no dynasty
Sent to deal with a crisis
Military deliverers

Cycle of Events: S W O R D

Sin of People
Wrath of God
Oppression by enemy
Repentance of the people
Deliverance by Judge

United Monarchy: Significant Events

3 Kings : Saul, David, and Solomon

Split occurred from Rehoboam deciding to me more strict and harsh than his father in an attempt to prove he was a good leader.

Resulted in civil war dividing the kingdom in 930 BC

Saul

tall, handsome

modest

picked by God

shy, merciful

Started well, finished poorly

Successes - Ammonite Crisis, defeated Philistine garrison, defeated neighboring nations

Failures - assumed role of priest, made a foolish vow "nobody drinks or eats until we defeat the philistines" he loses respect of the people, violated "the ban" against the Amalekites

Evil spirit of God falls over him and torments his mind

Tries to kill David multiple times - sees him as a threat

Killed by Philistines

David

Man after God’s own heart

Anointed by Samuel

Is humble towards Saul and his Household

Best friend with Jonathan

King of Judah (his home tribe) for 7.5 yrs

Eventually rules over all 12 tribes

Sins with Bathsheba - sleeps with her, tries to cover it up, then kills her husband

Polygamist

Father of Amnon, Absalom, Tamar, and Solomon

Collected materials for the construction of the Temple

Solomon

Son of David

Father of Rehoboam

Started Well, Finished Poorly

Had Adjonijah and Joab killed

divided kingdom into 12 districs (based on 12 months) for taxation and labor force purposes (eroded his popularity)

Built the 1st temple, small (think chapel sized)

After offering 1000 burnt offering to dedicate temple, God (in a dream) granted him one request to have anything, wished for wisdom (understanding heart), God grants his wish plus other things he didn’t ask for

took longer (13 years) to build his own house rather than the temple (7 years)

Polygamist (herem of 1000 women)

Began to worship and build altars to false Gods

Last king of the united monarchy

Divided Monarchy

resulted from Solomon’s fall into polygamy and worship of false gods as well as the already existing unrest and lack of trust between the Northern and Southern Tribes.

Erupted into civil war after rehoboam decided to be a harsh ruler in order to “prove himself greater than his father”

Profile of the Northern and Southern Kingdoms

Southern Kingdom:

"Judah"

2 Tribes - Judah and Benjamin

Capital - Jerusalem

20 Kings: 12 Bad and 8 Good

First King - Rehoboam I

Worst King - Mannaseh

Last King - Zedekiah

Northern Kingdom:

"Israel" or "Ephraim"

10 Tribes

Capital - Samaria

All wicked kings

First King - Jeroboam I

Worst King - Ahab

Last King - Hoshea

Relationship between the Kingdoms (4 phases)

Hostility

Alliance

Tolerance

Separation

3 Characteristics of Old Testament Poetry

Terseness - fewer words, brief

Imagery - vivid words

Structure - not in paragraph form

Rhyme

identity of sound in word endings of verses; word answering sound to another word

Rythm

alternation between accented and unaccented syllables within each poetic line

Parallelism

phenomenon where 2 or more successive poetic lines strengthen, reinforce, and develop a previous poetic line

Types - Synonymous, Antithetical, Synthetic

Sense Unit

basic component of poetry

constitutes a major subdivision of a poem.

8 Types of Psalms

Lament - expresses struggles, suffering, and disappointment to God (largest category of psalms, individual or corporate)

Thanksgiving - Focus is on what God has done (individual or corporate)

Hymn of Praise - Focus is on Who God is (individual or corporate)

Royal - focuses on human King, and sometimes shifts to God as King

Enthronement - Celebrates the coronation of a King

Songs of Zion - Focus = Jerusalem

Wisdom - Focus is ethics, Instruction purpose (calm, reflective)

Imprecatory Psalm - focus is “Curse", purpose is to exemplify how to vent anger properly

2 Issues in Song of Solomon

Whom to love

How to love

2 Formats in Song of Solomon

One of two plots:

2 Characters - NO PLOT; simply a dialogue between 2 people (Solomon and Shulammite Girl)

3 Characters - there is a plot (3rd = shepherd boy)

Wisdom

the ability to make godly choices in life

practical, the application of knowledge

Origins of Old Testament Wisdom

roots lie in creation theology

acquired by Trial-n-error

Significance of Orderss

Community is the source of individual ethics

Good promotes community AND individual life; there is nothing good which doesn't also do good

Coping with Reality

The Expression of the Actual and the Search for Analogies—to understand man by noting
peculiar behavior (e.g., Proverbs 21:19)
Cause and Effect
- implies an ORDER which can be discerned
- mastering of the contingent
- quest of ancient man to reduce the sphere of contingency
- Act—Consequence Relationship

Role of Solomon in Proverbs

"patron" of Wisdom Literature

Wrote over 3000 proverbs

Message in the Book of Job

Proposed - suffering, faith, patience/perseverance, relationship

Instead it focuses on God: His control.

Focus is on two questions - Is God in control? If so, is God loving and just?

Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar

Friends of Job

Represent the doctrine of Divine Retribution

Serve as God's self-appointed "spokesmen" - ended up being rebuked by God

What is a Prophet? (Exodus 7:1)

anyone who speaks God's words, NOT who claims to speak for God

Foretelling

predictions about the future