Finals Topic Summary

Finals Topic

Nanotechnology

• Refers to the technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.

• Deals with the very smallest components of our world - atoms and molecules.

Dwarf

• The word “nano” comes from the Greek word for _

Nanometer

• It is one billionth of a meter, 0.000000001 or 10^-9 meters.

Nanomanufacturing

• The scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices, and systems.

• Leads to the development of new products and improved materials

Information Age

• The period starting in the last quarter of the 20th century when information became effortlessly accessible through publications of information by computers and computer networks.

• Also called the digital age and the new media age.

Language

• Is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance, and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so.

• It is a social phenomenon. One of its main uses is to communicate with people and to understand them.

Mathematics

• Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world.

• These patterns recur in different contexts and can sometimes be modelled _tically

• Natural patterns include symmetries, trees, spirals, meanders, waves, foams, tessellations, cracks and stripes.

Johannes Gutenberg

• He was the inventor of a movable-type printing press, based on a Rhenish wine press and using ink that clung to the metal type and produced color fonts.

World Wide Web

• The internet is a worldwide system of interconnected networks that facilitate data transmission among innumerable computers

• Back then, it was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists; it was remained under government control until 1984.

Timothy Berners-Lee

• A programmer who invented the world wide web.

Social Networking

(Social Media Platforms)

• Using websites or applications to communicate informally with others, find people, and share similar interests.

• Ex: Facebook and LinkedIn

Microblogging

(Social Media Platforms)

• Posting of very short entries or updates on a social networking site allows users to subscribe to other user’s content, send direct messages, and reply publicly.

• Examples: Twitter and Tumblr

Blogging

(Social Media Platforms)

• Recording opinions, stories, articles, and links to other websites on a personal website

• Ex: Wordpress and Blogger

Crowdsourcing

(Social Media Platforms)

• Obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people, particularly those from the online community

• Examples: Ushahidi, Inc.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

• Are living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering.

• This creates a combinations of plant, animal, bacteria, and virus genes that do not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding methods.

Genetic Engineering

• Making changes to DNA in order to change the way living things work

• Ex: Create new crops and farm animals, make bacteria that can make medicines, grow human body parts, prevent genetic diseases, change humans.

Gene Therapy

• It is a revolutionary medical approach that involves the introduction of genetic material into cells to treat or prevent diseases.

• The goal of it is to address the underlying genetic causes of a disease by modifying or replacing the defective genes responsible for the condition.

Biodiversity

• Defined as the vast variety of life forms in the entire Earth. Its definition is in the structural and functional perspective and not as individual species.

• It is the source of the essential goods and ecological services.

Ecosystem

• It is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system with each others in a given area.

Catagena Protocol on Biodiversity

• Is is an international agreement which aims to ensure the safe handling, transport, and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on biological diversity, taking into account risks to human health.

Climate

• It refers to the long term weather patterns prevailing over a given are of the planet.

Klima

The term “Climate” came from the word _ connoting a zone or region of the Earth characterized by its atmospheric conditions.

Volcanic Eruptions

(Causes of Climate Change)

• When volcanoes erupt, it emits different greenhouse gases

• Can cause a cooling effect to the lithosphere because its emitted aerosol can block certain percentage of solar radiation.

Orbital Changes

(Causes of Climate Change)

• Also known as the Earth’s movement around the sun

• Earth’s _ can also cause climate change, this was proposed by the Milankovitch theory.

Human Activities

(Causes of Climate Change)

• The largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere;

• Results in the emission of 4 principal greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, halocarbons.

The Kyoto Protocol

• An international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits its parties by setting internationally biding emission reduction targets.

The Paris Agreement

• It bring all nations into a common cause to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change and adapt to its effects, with enhanced support to assist developing countries to do so.