AP GOV Vocab #2

Block grant

Federal funds for broad purposes with few restrictions.

Categorical grant

Federal funds for specific purposes with strict guidelines.

Cooperative federalism

Shared responsibilities between national and state governments.

Dual federalism

Clear separation of powers between national and state governments.

Elastic clause

Allows Congress to pass laws beyond enumerated powers.

Fiscal federalism

Financial relations between national and state governments.

Full faith and credit

States must honor each other's public acts and records.

Schenk v. United States (1919)

the Supreme Court can measure the limits of free speech (example: you can't yell "fire" in a movie theatre if there is no fire)

Crop

Cultivated plants grown for food or profit.

Gibbons v Ogden (1824)

Supreme Court case expanding federal commerce power.

Implied power

Authority not explicitly stated but necessary for execution.

Incumbent

Current officeholder seeking re-election.

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Guaranteed a student's right to protest (wearing armbands).

New York Times v. US

Supreme Court case protecting the freedom of the press by allowing the New York Times to publish the "Pentagon Papers" despite the Justice Department's order to restrict it

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Struck down state-sponsored prayer in public schools. Ruled that the Regents' prayer was an unconstitutional violation of the Establishment Clause.

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

The Court ruled that Wisconsin could not require Amish parents to send their children to public school beyond the eighth grade because it would violate long-held religious beliefs.