USH II Progressives Quiz

- short answer, reverse ID vocab

17th Amendment ~ direct election of US senators

allows voters to cast direct votes for US senators; prior to this modification, senators were chosen by state legislatures

Initiative

allows citizens to propose new laws and amendments by gathering signatures to place the proposal on a ballot. Voters can approve or reject it in an election if the initiative is qualified

Jane Addams

• founder of Hull House: settlement house in Chicago to provide services for immigrants and poor

• important advocate for social justice, women’s rights, and the peace movement

Horizontal Integration

business strategy where a company merges or acquires all of its competitors - ex: John D. Rockefeller to expand standard oil

Monopoly

when a single company dominates an entire industry

Muckrakers

journalists, writers, and photographers who exposed corruption and social issues like poor working conditions, business abuse, and political corruption

Primary

election within a political party to select a candidate who will represent the party in a general election

Recall

allows citizens to remove an elected official from office before their term ends

Referendum

allows citizens to (re)approve or reject laws and amendments through a direct vote

• approve or reject a proposed law on the ballot

• voters can put an existing law up for reapproval or repeal through a sufficient # of signatures

Secret Ballot

voting method where votes are kept private, promotes free and fair elections

Settlement Houses

housing projects that offered support services to immigrants and the poor ~

• education, healthcare, housing assistance

• ex: Hull House Chicago

Social Gospel

religious and social movement that advocates for social justice and reforms based on Christian ethics - focuses on issues like poverty and inequality

Suffrage

the right to vote in political elections

• women’s suffrage achieved through 19th amendment in 1920

Temperance Movement

social movement that aimed to reduce and prohibit alcohol consumption

• Prohibition in the US through 18th amendment in 1920

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

1911 factory fire in NYC that killed 146 workers dur to locked exits → major workplace safety reforms

Vertical Integration

business strategy where one company/entity controls the entire process of production and distribution in an industry