DENA 1080 unit 11

Plexus

Plexus

large network of blood vessels, usually veins

Anastomosis

connecting channel between the vessels(veins, arteries or vein to artery)

Artery

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

Vein

carries

capillary

connects arterioles and venules and exchanges oxygen and CO2 between the cells

Venous sinus

blood filled space between two layers of tissue

- Veins anastomose freely

Divisions of the Common Carotid Artery (Internal)

Ophthalmic- supplies the eye orbit and lacrimal gland

Superior thyroid

-thyroid gland, tissues superior to the hyoid bone, infrahyoid muscles and sternocleidomastoid muscle

Lingual

tissues superior to the hyoid bone, including suprahyoid muscles, floor of mouth and tongue.

Branches of External Carotid Artery

• superior thyroid

• lingual

Sublingual

supplies mylohyoid muscle, —-salivary gland and mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth

Facial supplies

supplies the face in the oral, buccal, zygomatic,nasal,infraorbital and orbital regions

Ascending palatine-

supplies soft palate, palatine muscles, and palatine tonsils

Submental-

supplies submandibular lymph nodes, submandibular salivary gland, mylohyoid and digastric muscles

Inferior labial supplies

lower lip tissues including some muscles of facial expression

superior labial

upper lip

angular

termination of facial supplies the side of the nose

facial Artery branches

-inferior labial

-superior labial

-angular

-ascending palatine

-submental

Occipital Artery branches

-occipital

-posterior auricular

-

occipital

scalp tissue in occipital region supplies suprahyoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Posterior Auricular

supplies the internal ear and surrounding tissues

superficial temporal artery branches

arises within the parotid gland

-transverse facial

-middle temporal

-frontal

-parietal

transverse facial

supplies parotid gland and facial tissues

middle temporal

supplies temporal muscle

frontal

supplies scalp in frontal region

parietal

supplies scalp in parietal region

Maxillary Artery Branches

-Maxillary

-Middle meningeal

-inferior Alveolar Artery IA

-Posterior superior Alveolar PSA

-infraorbital

-Anterior Superior Alveolar ASA

-Descending Palatine

-Sphenopalatine

Maxillary Artery

Maxillary and mandibular teeth and tissues

middle meningeal

meninges of the brain

Inferior alveolar artery

supplies the mandibular arch- teeth on one side

Mylohyoid-

mylohyoid muscle and floor of mouth

Mental

-tissues of chin/anastomoses with inferior labial

Incisive- supplies

canine, anterior teeth (lateral and incisors

Deep temporal

the temporal muscle

Pterygoid

pterygoid muscles

Masseteric

masseter muscle

Buccal

buccinator muscle

Posterior Superior Alveolar

-supplies facial gingival tissue of 1, 2, 3^rd molars, except MB root of 1^st molar.

Infraorbital-

supplies tissue area around the eye

Anterior Superior Alveolar-

Arises from infraorbital

supplies pulp of maxillary anterior teeth and labial gingiva

Descending palatine

•Greater palatine- supplies hard palate in posterior area

•Lesser palatine-supplies soft palate

Sphenopalatine

•extension of maxillary

•Nasopalatine-

•Posterior lateral nasal –

External Jugular branches

-retromandibular posterior

• superficial temporal

• -maxillary

• posterior auricular

Internal jugular

Drains brain and most of the head and neck tissues

Internal jugular branches

• -Supratrochlear

• supraorbital

• ophthalmic

• supraorbital

• superior labial

• inferior labial

• submental

• lingual

Supratrochlear

drains tissue around orbit of eye

Ophthalmic-drains

drains tissue of the orbit and anastomoses

Supraorbital-drains and superior labial

drains upper lip

Inferior labial-drains

-drains lower lip

Submental-

drains tissues of chin

Lingual- drains

drains dorsal and ventral surface of tongue

Retromandibular vein

-anterior-joins facial vein

Retromandibular vein branches

• •Superficial temporal-

• Maxillary-

• •Pterygoid plexus-

•Superficial temporal-

•drains lateral scalp

•Pterygoid plexus-

•drains deep portions of face

•anastomoses with facial and retromandibular

•can spread infection to cavernous venous sinus

Pterygoid Plexus may be injured

anesthesia

Pterygoid Plexus branches

•Middle meningeal-

•Posterior superior alveolar-

•Inferior alveolar-drains mandibular teeth and gingiva

•Middle meningeal-

•drains meninges to pterygoid plexus

•Posterior superior alveolar-

•drains maxillary teeth  and oral cavity (max molars except MB root of 1^st molar)

Mental

•drains tissue of chin and lower lip

Incisive drains

drains mandibular anterior teeth

Cavernous Venous Sinus

•drains tissues of brain, anastomoses with facial and retromandibular

Cavernous Venous Sinus branches

• •Internal jugular-

• •Anterior jugular-

internal jugular (cavernous sinus)

•does not have one-way valves

•drains most of head and neck

•Anterior jugular-

•anastomoses with external jugular

Plaque

narrows and blocks arteries

-Buildup consisting of cholesterol, calcium, clotting proteins

•Atherosclerosis

•Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

•Changes can reduce onset or severity or coronary artery disease

•Blood vessels are compromised in diseases such as high blood pressure, infection, traumatic injury, or endocrine pathology—leading to:

Thrombus

vascular lesion

Forms in inner vessel walls

Embolus

Blocks blood flow   (occlusion) partially   or fully

May spread infection   to cavernous sinus

Hemorrhage

•Large amount of non-clotting blood that has escaped into surrounding tissue

•Serious and can be life-threatening

Bacteremia

transient in dental procedures

•Dangerous for medically compromised patients

•May cause stroke (cerebrovascular accident), heart attack (myocardial infarction), or tissue destruction (gangrene)

Hematoma

Small amount of blood   escapes into   surrounding tissue   and then clots

Bruising caused by the   anesthetic injection

Oral bacteria

affects heart through bloodstream (attaches to plaque forming clots)

Inflammation

from perio disease increases plaque buildup (swelling of arteries)

these type of patients are at risk must take antibiotics before dental procedures

infective endocarditis