APUSH Period 3: 1754 - 18900

French and Indian War leads to revolution, American becomes independent, constitution created and establishes a balanced government after Article of Confederation fails. Disagreements between federalists and Democratic-Republicans.

seven years war (french and indian war)

British and colonists vs. French and American indian allies over political advantage in the colonies

causes of seven years war

• colonial rivalry between britian and france

  • britis colonies extended into interior of N.A. — threatened French-Indian trade and Am. Indian autonomy

what happened during the seven years war?

• british gains territory by defeating french — sets stage to increase revenue and colonial control

• salutary neglect

• albany plabn of union

salutary neglect

loose enforcement of navigation acts

navigation acts

policies to limit colonial smuggling

albany plan of union

• created by ben franklin

• 1 oclonial government under the british and fight the french together

• ‘'join or die”

what person is associated with the albany plan of union?

ben franklin

effects of seven years war

• british victory

• treaty of paris

• greenville program

colonial claims after treaty of paris

British: east of miss. river

Spanish: west of miss. river

French: lost all

why was the seven years war a turning point for the british?

expand empire in North America

why was the seven years war a turning point for the colonists?

• no more threats from France, Spain, and Am. Indians

• new relationship with Britain - went from loyalty to resentment

greenville program

Purpose: repay debts after the seven years war

• salutary neglect ends - prevents free trade

• Proclamation line of 1763

• Writs of Assistance (1761)

• Sugar Act

proclamation line of 1763

colonial settlements were prohibited past the Appalacian mountains — led to birth of manifest destiny

what was the event that happened that led to the proclamation line of 1763?

pontiac’s rebellion — N.A conflict

writs of assistance (1761)

search warrants to enforce navigation acts

sugar act (1764)

taxation without representation

stamp act

first direct tax without representation

what were some reactions to the stamp act?

• Virginia resolves (non-radical)

• Stamp Act Congress (non-radical)

  • Sons of Liberty (radical!)

virgina resolves

demand House of burgesses that only colonial assemblies can levy taxes (Patrick Henry) [in reaction to stamp act]

what person is associated with the virginia resolves?

patrick henry

stamp act congress

claimed only elected colonial representatives can place taxes (James Otis Mass) [in reaction to stamp act']

what person is associated with the stamp act congress?

james otis mass

sons of liberty

destructive and radical movement after stamp act - tar + feather, harass tax collectors

declatory act

parliment has ultimate authority (placed the same day the stamp act was repealed in 1766)

townshend acts

duties on imports, parliment could regulate commerse and search

• repealed 1770 but troops placed in Boston

quartering act

required colonists to house and feed soldiers

escalations toward the american revolution

• boston massacre (1770)

• committes of correspondense (1772)

• tea act

  • bostone tea party

• intolerable (coersive) acts (1774)

boston massacre (1770)

• colonists started it

• 5 colonists killed defenseless

• used to promote the revolution (sam adams and paul revere)

who helped promote the revolution by the boston massacre?

sam adams and paul revere

committees of correspondence (1772)

publisize grievances against England throughout Mass

tea act (1773)

• only thing left of townshend duties

• British E. India company exports tea straight to the colonists

intolerable (coersive) acts (1774)

purpose: punish colonists for tea party

• closed port of Boston

• limited massachusets legislation

• crimes in colonies will be tried in britain

• increased the quartering act

jean-jacques roussea

enlightenment thinker

• natural rights

• if govt. fails to protect rights the people have the right to rebel and create a new govt.

what did conservatives want for the colonial govt.?

law and order

what did liberals want for the colonial govt.?

individual rightswhat

what did the conservatives and liberals agree on for the colonial govt.?

• seperation of powers: legislative, executive, and judicial branches

• voting rights: all white males who own property

• office holding: had to own property

first continental congress (1774)

**colonists unite!!

• suffolk resolves - urge to repeal intolerable acts, prepare military, and boycott british goods

  • minutemen: militia trained to be ready to fight at any moment

common sense

(thomas paine) — increased popularity of independence

• presented the idea that britain only cared about what the colonies could provide them

who wrote common sense?

thomas paine

battle at bunker hill

big american victory

second continental congress (1775)

delegates were divided

• New englanders: wanted ind.

• Middle colonies: wanted to negociate peace with britain

  • Planned to present olive branch petition to King George

olive branch petition

peace offering sent to King George to secure peace

• King Geroge III rejected it and declared that the colonies were in rebellion (Parliment Prohibitory Act)

  • embargo on colonies

republican motherhood

women’s role in society after the american revolution was to teach republic values within a family

what was the significance of the battle of saratoga?

colonists had a huge victory which led to alliance with the french which evenutally ended the war

treaty of paris (1783)

• british recognize U.S. as independent

  • Mississipi is set as the new western boundary

who wrote the declaration of independence?

thomas jefferson

what was the declaration of independence?

• list of greviances to King George III

• states that delegates were reluctant to break with britian but was force to because of the abuses

  • signed unanymously

northwest ordinance

• set rules for creating new states in the mid west

• promoted public education

• protection of private property

• prohibtied slavery in the north

  • set up conflict between N and S

who were the people who rebelled in shay’s rebellion

daniel shay and other farmers

shays rebellion

• uprising against state taxes, imprisonment for debt, and lack of paper $$

• SIGNIFICANCE: state govt. stopped it but FED. GOVT. HAD NO POWER TO STOP IT!!!!

  • led to constitution

who attended the philadelphia convention?

• 55 delegates from 12 states (not rhode island)

• george washington as officer

• signifcant people:

  • james madison

  • alexander hamilton

  • gov morris

  • john dickinson

philadelphia convention

articles of confederation written

motesquieu

seperation of powers

madison

checks and balances

• executive - enforce law

• legislative - create law

  • judicial - interpret law

virginia plan

favored large states for representation

NJ plan

favored small states for representation

the great compromise

compromise for state representation — congress will be a bicameral leg.

• senate: 2 senators per state

• house of representatives: based on population

3/5 compromise

slaves count as 3/5 of a person for taxation and representation

what was the compromise made regarding slavery after the american revolution

• 3/5 compromise

• slave trade allowed for 20 years and will be revisited then

what was the north’s perspective on commerse after the american revolution

central govt. should regulate commerse and trade

what was the south afraid of regarding commerse after the american revolution

taxes on agricultural products

what was the compromise regarding commerse after the american revolution

congress can regulate interstate commerse but can’t put export tax

electoral college system

indirect election - vote for electors (# of electors differs by state)

who were some federalists?

• george washington

• ben franklin

• james madison

• alexander hamilton

federalist papers

a series of essays written to promote the constitution (proposed the addition of the doi)

what did

what was alexander hamilton and federalist’s idea for the future of the country?

• strong national government

• commericial and urban powerhouse

• other nations will recognize us if we are industrial

what was jefferson and democratic republican's idea for the future of the country?

• weak national govt. to preserve democratic ideals

• agrarian society

what was hamilton’s economic plan

• establish credit for the nation

• national bank — able to do with the elastic clause

• taxes — protective tariff and tax on whiskey

  • whiskey rebellion

what was the signficance of the whiskey rebellion?

govt. succeeded in stopping the rebellion because the constitution gave congress power to create an army

• contrast to shay’s rebellion

federalist opinion on french revolution

against joining

democratic republican opinon on french revolution

in favor of joining

george washington’s farewell address

• encouraged national unity

• cautioned agianst politcal parties and foreign alliances

xyz affair

french angered by jay’s treaty (between us and britain)

• french wanted a bribe but we refused

(led to quasi war)

quasi war

undelared naval war —> fear of french spies

(led to alien and sedition acts)

alien and sedition acts (1798)

nativist legistlation by the federalist party

• illegal to public false or hinding info against the govt.

• **democratic republicans saw as unconstitutional

(led to virginia kentucky resolutions)

virginia and kentucky resoltions

established principle of nullification