kingitanga y11

When was the formation and who was crowned

When was the formation and who was crowned

(june) 1858, Potatau Te Wherowhero

What was the formation of the Kingitanga a result of

growing Maori concerns over the loss of their land, culture and political autonomy + treaty + gov grey

Who wrote the treaty and who translated it in what time

William Hobson wrote it in 4 days and Henry and his son Edward Williams translated it in one night

When was the treaty signed

Feb 6 1840

How many chiefs signed the treaty

500

Which article was the big fuck up in (and what was the big fuck up)

Article 1, kawanatanga translated into sovereignty instead of governance, the first implying the queen had complete control wheras the latter implied Maori chiefs would retain authority over their own affairs

What did bestie claudia orange say abt the treaty

“Maori thought there would be sharing of power but that most authority would remain in Maori hands”

Why was Grey a dick

because governors before him (hobson) balanced the needs of settlers and Maori, he took an assimilation approach, getting 30 million acres of south island land to sell using dodgy negociation and purchasing

What could Maori not do pre Europeans which was changed by the treaty

sell land, now the Crown had sole right of purchase over Maori land (monopoly) - inter tribal disputes because they didn’t own the land and belonged to it

Maori stats around land

1840 owned almost all land, 1852 they owned half

Land in the Waikato was?

FERILE, cultural importance but VERY ECONOMIC WOWO

Who went to meet vicky and when

1852 Tamihana Te Rauparaha - saw her mana

Who summarised the issue with the single king

King candidate Te Kani-aTakirau, “I am a chief, a descendant of your ancestors. However, the problem is that my pedigree adheres to only one people. My mountain, Hikurangi, does not move.”

What led to the Waikato wars

Economic jealousy ( <-big J Belich said) from pakeha and Maori wanting to keep their land, plus Gov Grey thinking the King threatened the Queen but Maori thought they were equals

What really kicked off the war

Gov Grey’s ultimatum, swear alliegence to the queen or be evicted (didnt even arrive before General Duncan Cameron marched his forces over the auakti)

What was the aukati

Line that should not be crossed between Pakeha Auckland and Maori King Country - Mangatawhiri Stream

What was the most sig battle of W wars

Rangiaowhia, they snuck around Paterangi Pa to attack civilian communitiy which was also the economic hub of the Waikato. Big loss cause it was the most prominent agricultural area for Kingitanga and also culturally significant

(political) What happened W Wars

Kingitanga retreated into Ngati Maniapoto territory, creating a separate zone of Maori political autonomy separate from Pakeha influence

What did Tawhiao do to maintain his power in Ngati Maniapoto

outlawed the surveying and selling of land, building roads or telegraph lines, gold prospecting, + the Native Land Court cant do shit

How did Kingitanga further build Maori political autonomy

KAUHANGANUI (Maori parliament)

Why did they establish Kauhanganui

Because Tawhiao sent multiple petitions to Queen Vicky, even travelling to england in 1884 to see her, but was deffered to the Colonial Office who told him it was a NZ gov problem and they ignored it

Kauhanganui focused on

Waikato-Tainui however all tribes were allowed to participate because the topics discussed (maori autonomy, treaty, land issues) were applicable to all Maori

What did Kauhanganui inspire

King supporting tribes like in Wanganui, North Auckland and Hawke’s Bay to hold their own hui in 1879 in a movement called Kotahitanga

What did kotahitanga demand

Return of Maori land + the establishment of an OFFICIAL nationwide Maori parliament

What does big Orange say about the parliaments

“the Treaty was kept alive by Maori political movements such as Kotahitanga and Kauhanganui”

What was Kotahitanga’s issue in actually doing stuff

Kingitanga didnt support :(

(economic) What happened after the Waikato wars

NZ SETTLEMENTS ACT RAAAA

What was the NZ Settlements Act

the House of Representatives enforcement of GG’s ultimatum to the people of Waikato

Who’s land got yoinked by the NZSA

Almost all of the Waikato tribes, sig conf of Ngati Haua and Taranaki

How much land got yoinked and how much was returned to kupapa

4.75 million acres taken and 314,364 acres was returned to kupapa

BIG O SAID ABT NZ SETTLEMENTS???

“The laws of 1863-67 were the most serious attack on vitality of Maori life “

What did the Gov use the land they took for

to sell and compensate military settlers to pay for the war - further entrenching Pakeha control

What did Tawhiao do in 1881

Call for peace and from there the relationship between gov and king improved

After the relationship between king and gov improved what happened

Native Land Court gave Tawhiao land (he accepted) in 1888

When did the gov start taking Waikato grievances seriously

1920’s, a royal commision was put in place in 1926 to see if the amount of land taken was fair (no lmao)

What did the royal commision give Waikato

initially £3000 which was TRIVIAL and then £5000 which they took only cause they HAD to and they didnt see as final (gov saw as final)

What did Waikato Maori say about the £3000 offer

“I riro whenua atu, me hoki whenua mai” or “Since land was taken, land should be given back”.

What was the turning point for Kingitanga getting land back

Establishment of the Waitangi Tribunal in 1975

What the Waitangi tribunal do

looked at Maori claim’s around the Crown’s actions breaching the treaty and found that the payments weren’t enough leading to the Crown signing a deed of settlement with waikato tainui - $170m of cash and land

(EVIE) continued significance?

2008 settlement provided them with 210mil to improve the condition of the waikato river which they would now co-govern

Kingitanga continued to be influential in the modern era too - 2020 kingitanga worked with gov and Fletcher Building - 30m day to buy land confiscated under NZSA

Uni of Waikato has an annual day - “Kīngitanga Day is an annual event that recognises the unique connection of the University of Waikato with Waikato-Tainui and the Kīngitanga.”

paragraphs

1 - formation

2 - Waikato wars

3 - sep zones + parliament stuff

4 - nz settlements act

5 - settlements up to 95

6 - cont significance