Unit 3 English 3 Test review

Journalist and political activist

Descendant of puritans

Father encourages him to explore nature so he began writing poetry at 9 years old

He earned a law degree and practiced for 10 years

Studied Greek/Latin and read European writers which introduced him to romantic ideas

Became editor in chief after 4 years

Supported women’s rights, freedom of speech/religion, and abolition of slavery

William Cullen Bryant

Who wrote Thanatopsis

William Cullen Bryant

What does the word Thanatopsis mean

“Thanatos” = death

“Opsis” = vision

So the poem = view of death

How did William Cullen Bryant view death

Bryant viewed death as an inevitable part of life tha shouldn’t be feared

How is Thanatopsis formatted

Broken into 3 chunks which symbolizes key changes

5 beat iambic pentameter

In Thanatopsis “she” is ____________

Personified as nature

What is this quote from?

“Thou go not, like the quarry-slave at night, scouraged to his dungeon, but, sustained and soothed by an elf altering trust”

Thanatopsis

Born into a wealthy New York family and studied law

First American wittier to active international reputation

Traveled to Europe and learned their culture

Used the pen name of Jonathan Oldstyle

At 24, him and his brother publishes an anonymous magazine about New York society

Writers and critics responded enthusiastically to his work

Washington Irving

Who wrote The Devil and Tom Walker

Washington Irving

What is the background of the Devil and Tom Walker

It is an American adaptation of a German legend about a man who sells his souls to the devil

What story had Captain Kidd treasure and Old Scratch in it?

The Devil and Tom Walker

What did the people realize at the end of The Devil and Tom Walker

The people found that he actually had nothing (gold = wood chippings and horse = skeleton) and was poor

Found it impossible to accept the optimistic worldview of the Transcnedentalists

Puritan ancestor that was a judge in the Salem witch trials that haunt him

Born in Salem, Massachusetts

After college, he self-isolated and developed writing skills

He lived at Brook Farm (The Transcendentalists commune)

Moved to Concord where he became friends with Emerson and Thoreau

Spent time in Europe which provided the material for his final novel

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Who wrote Young Goodman Brown

Nathaniel Hawthorne

What was the setting of Young Goodman Brown

Salem, Massachusetts during the witch trials and likely chose this because of his close ties to the location

Why was Goodman Brown traveling

Out of curiosity and not force

Goodman Brown is a Christina man who _________

Shouldn’t be out here but the devil decides him to keep going but doesn’t force him

Goodman Brown sees who at the ceremony

Almost the entire community including the good people, the bad people, and Indians

“Wives of honored husbands, and widows, a great multitude, and ancient maidens, all of excellent repute, and fair young girls”

Why does not figuring out if Goodman Brown was dreaming or not, not matter?

He can never trust his peers again because of the evil he saw

Born in Boston, mother died, and father abandoned him

John took him in who provided education including West Point

He had to leave school early because he was broke from gambling, joined the army, then got expelled from of West Point

After failing at poetry he turned to fiction and literary criticism

Never escaped from poverty

After death, his work received attention from bad to good

Edgar Allen Poe

Who wrote the Raven

Edgar Allen Poe

Who wrote Annabel Lee

Edgar Allen Poe

What was the format of The Raven

Sestets (6 line stanzas)

Trochaic octameter (stressed then unstressed)

16 syllables per line

What happens to the narrator throughout The Raven

Starts to get overpowered by grief and hopelessness because he realizes Lenore will never come back again

How many times was Nevermore said by the Raven and what did this word do

6 times

Reminded the narrator he will never see Lenore again

What was the format of Annabel Lee

No rhyme scheme which represents an unbalanced narrator

What did the man do every night in Annabel Lee

Lay next to her decaying body in her tomb

What is a huge red flag in Annabel Lee

The man said “she lived no other though than to love and be loved by me”

What suggests that the man in Annabel Lee was lower class

When he says that her high kinsman came to take her body away

Why was the man obsessive in Annabel Lee

He keeps saying her name and rhyming the end with her name

What is an Allegory

A narrative work that utilizes symbolism to offer a broader moral or deeper meaning for the reader

Nearly all elements of the narrative are typically interpreted as having a symbolic meaning that enhances the broader meaning of the story

What is an example of an Allegory

Young Goodman Brown

Uses symbolism such as Faith’s Pink Ribbon and the Serpent-headed staff to convey a bigger message of the weakness of the Puritan religion

What is a Folktale

Emphasizes stereotypes, unlikely events, and lessons to be learned

Usually handed down orally among culture

Chapters tend to be stereotypes or stock characters embodying a single human trait, quality, or emotion

What is an example of a Folktale

The Devil and Tom Walker

An unlikely event occurred when Tom found his wife’s heart in liver in her apron

A lesson to learn is that greed will lead a person to evil when Tom wanted to become rich so he sold his soul to the Devil

Definition of Romanticism

A Movement that

* Valued **individual experience**
* Believe in man’s goodness, especially the **common man**
* Saw **nature** as a source of **inspiration**
* Saw the **past** as a source of **wisdom**
* **Emotion, imagination, intuition**

2 examples of Romanticism

Thanatopsis (William Cullen Bryant)

* Bryant said “She has a voice of gladness, and a smile and eloquence of beauty”

The Devil and Tom Walker (Washington Irving)

* Wrote about nature “The swamp was thickly grown with great gloomy pines and hemlocks”
* Wrote about individuality “I must take care of myself in these hard times”

Definition of Dark Romantics/Gothics/Anti-Transcendentalists

* Saw human tendency and darkness/evil in both humans and the world around them
* Similar to Romanticism by sharing interest in spiritual world, belief in value of intuition, and imagination over rationalism
* Unlike romanticism they see **darkness and sin** in heart of humanity
* Imagination led to unknown, supernatural, fantastic, demonic, and insane
* Uses gothic elements (dark, grotesque characters, bizarre situation, haunting atmosphere)

3 examples of Dark Romantics/Gothics/Anti-Transcendentalists

Young Goodman Brown (Nathaniel Hawthorne)

* Goodman Brown explores his curiosity and learns about his self-awareness of the evil around him “A stern, a sad, a sparkly meditative, a distrustful, if not a desperate man, did he become, from the night of that fearful dream”
* Dark Grand Settings “He had taken a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest”

The Raven (Edgar Allen Poe)

* The setting is dark, cold, and a December Night

Annabel lee (Edgar Allen Poe)

* Writes about demons “Not the demons down under the sea”

Definition of assonance

Repetition of vowel sounds

Example of Assonance

The raven

* the **ur** sound “and the silken, sad, unc**er**tain rustling of each p**ur**ple c**ur**tain”

Definition of consonance

Repetition of consonant sounds at the ends of words or accented syllables

Example of consonance

The raven

* “Quoth the Ra**v**en, Ne**v**ermore”
* “Un**c**ertain re**s**ulting” (13)

Definition of Alliteration

Repetition of similar sounds, usually consonants, at the beginning of words or accented syallbes

Example of Alliteration

The Raven

* ”While I **n**odded, **n**early **n**apping, suddenly there came a tapping”
* “**W**eak and **w**eary” (1)

Definition of Internal Rhyme

Poetic device that can defined as metrical lines in which its middle words and its end words rhyme with each other

Example of Internal Rhyme

The Raven

”Once upon a midnight **dreary**, while I pondered, weak and **weary**” 

Definition of Onomatopoeia

indicates a word that sounds like what is refers to or describes

Example of Onomatopoeia

The Raven

* “Tis some visitor, I **muttered**, tapping at my chamber door—“ (5)

Definition of Rhyme Scheme

The pattern of rhyme that comes at the end of each verse or line poetry

2 examples of rhyme scheme

The Raven

* ABCBBB (See picture)

Not in Annabel lee which represents an unbalanced narrator 

Definition of Meter

A recurring pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

Example of Meter

Thanatopsis

* “To him who in the love of nature holds” (1)

Definition of Personification

Figure of speech in which an idea or thing is given human attributes and/or feelings or is spoken of as if it were human

Example of Personification

Thanatopsis 

* “To HIM who in the love of Nature holds Communion with her visible forms, SHE speaks a various language; for his gayer hours SHE has a voice of gladness, and a smile and eloquence of beauty, and SHE glides into his darker musings, with a mild” (1-6).
* Nature = women/she

Definition of Simile

Figure of speech in which two essentially dissimilar objects or concepts are expressly compared with one another through the use of “like” or “as”

Example of simile

Thanatopsis

* “Thou go not, **like** the quarry-slave at night, Scourged to his dungeon, but, sustained and soothed By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave” (77-79).

Definition of metaphor

Figure of speech that makes a comparison between two non-similar things

Example of metaphor

Thanatopsis 

* “Old Ocean's gray and melancholy waste,—Are but the solemn decorations all Of the great tomb of man!” (43-45).
* Earth is a tomb
* Death is a comfortable couch and not a bad thing
* Death is a final sleep

Definition of Blank Verse

Literary device defined as an unrhymed verse written in iambic pentameter

Example of Blank verse

Thanatopsis

Unstressed then stressed (see picture)

Difference between the 3 units we’ve read

Puritan beliefs

* Dependence of God
* Focus on personal faith, hard work, and strict morality in hopes of predestination

Age of Reason/Enlightenment

* Dependence on human intellect, reasons, and science
* Focus on public responsibility and engagement

Romanticism/Dark Romanticism

* Dependence on individuality and nature
* Focus on emotion, imagination, intuition

Example of symbolism

Young Goodman Brown

* Staff = devil
* Faith’s pink ribbons = Faith’s purity and innocence

The Devil and Tom Walker

* Devil = temptation, evil
* Swamp = trap
* Gold turns into wood chips = Tom has too much greed which makes him not enjoy his riches, making the gold worthless

Example of allusion

Young Goodman Brown

* Serpent-Headed Staff is a biblical allusion from multiple things (Adam and Eve)

Example of Double Rhyme

The Raven

* The “apping” is 2 syllables “While I nodded, nearly n**apping**, suddenly there came a t**apping**” (3)