8.4 Industrial Technologies

What is the significance of the Industrial Revolutions?

They are times of significant technological innovation resulting in increased production.

Name two types of technology that emerged from the Industrial Revolution.

Machine tools and steam power.

What is the Sinosphere?

A sphere of cultural influence that includes China and its surrounding regions.

What characterized the first wave of the Industrial Revolution?

An emphasis on machine tools and steam power.

What is the Second Industrial Revolution known for?

It emphasizes mass production, steel, and electricity.

What was the Bessemer Process?

A new method of steel production that made heavy industry production cheap and affordable.

What advancements were made in chemicals during the Industrial Revolution?

Developments in plastics, synthetic dyes, and fertilizers for agriculture.

How did steamships impact transportation?

They were crucial for transporting people and played a key role in naval dominance.

What was the purpose of the telegraph?

To send long-distance messages using Morse code.

What is the role of assembly lines in production?

They allow multiple people to work on the same complex product rapidly, enhancing specialization.

How did electricity change homes and industries?

It enabled mass lighting, convenient heating and cooling, and revolutionized transportation.

What was the impact of petroleum refining?

It allowed for the development of oil as a reliable energy source.

Why was rubber important during the Industrial Revolution?

It became vital for creating the first telephones and automobiles.

Which countries led the Second Industrial Revolution?

Britain, America, and Germany.

What was Britain's role in the First Industrial Revolution?

Britain led the world in textile production and developed extensive infrastructure.

Who was Queen Victoria?

An iconic monarch of the British Empire during its Industrial height, symbolizing Britain's imperial ambitions.

How did the United States benefit during the Industrial Revolution?

It had a massive, cheap workforce from immigration and abundant resources.

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

A railroad tycoon and philanthropist who became one of the richest capitalists in American history.

What was the outcome of the Napoleonic Wars for Germany?

The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, leading to the unification of Germany.

Who was Otto von Bismarck?

The military genius and leader of German unification who orchestrated wars against France and Austria.

What is imperialism in the context of the Industrial Revolution?

The process by which industrial powers sought new resources from non-industrialized societies.

What is the significance of the term 'robber barons'?

It refers to wealthy and powerful industrialists, like Andrew Carnegie, during the Gilded Age.

What were the socio-economic consequences of the Industrial Revolution?

It led to massive economic growth, urbanization, and changes in labor dynamics.

What was the role of the railroads in the United States during the Industrial Revolution?

They facilitated the transport of goods and people, contributing to industrial growth.