drugs cell wall synthesis

inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

natural penicillins, semisynthetic penicillin, carbapenems, monobactams, cephalosporins, polypeptide antibiotics, antimycobacterial antibiotics

natural penicillins

g and v

xtracted from cultures of Penicillium fungi

semisystemic pen

oxacillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin

resist penicillinase or extend spectrum

carbapenems

class of b lactam antibiotics

substitute carbon atom for sulfer, add double bond to penicillin nucleus

imipenem

monobactams

avoid effects of penicillinase

has only single ring rather than b lactam double ring

aztreonam

cephalosporins

cephalothin, ceftaroline

rings resemble penicillin

inhibit the same way as penicillin

polypeptide antibiotics

bacitraacin, vancomycin

antimycobacterial antibiotics

isoniazed, ethambutol

oxacillin

narrow spectrum, resistant to penicillinase

ampicillin

broad spectrum

amoxicillin

broad spectrum; combined with inhibitor of penicillinase

imipenem

very broad spectrum

aztreonam

effective against gram neg bacteria

cephalothin

first gen cephalosporin, activity similar to penicillin; requires injections

ceftaroline

fifth gen cephalosporin; activity against mrsa

bacitracin

gp bacteria, topical

vancomycin

glycopeptide type; penicillinase resistant; against gp bacteria

isoniazid

inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid component of cell wall of mycobacterium spp.

ethambutol

inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid into cell wall of mycobacterium spp

first gen cephalosporin

primarily agaisnt gp

second gen cephalosporin

more extended to gram neg spectrum

third gen ceph

most active against gram neg

fourth gen ceph

require injections most extended spectrum

fifth gen cephalo

effective against gram neg and mrsa