Electrolysis

Anode

The positive electrode in electrolysis, where negative ions are attracted.

Cathode

The negative electrode in electrolysis, where positive ions are attracted.

Cation

A positively charged ion that gains electrons to fill its outer shell.

Anion

A negatively charged ion that is attracted to the anode.

Electrolyte

A solution or molten substance that conducts electricity during electrolysis.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons, which occurs at the anode.

Reduction

The gain of electrons, which occurs at the cathode.

Inert Electrode

A non-reactive electrode that does not participate in the reaction, often made of graphite.

Non-Inert Electrode

An electrode that participates in the electrochemical reaction, often used for purifying metals.

Half Equation

An equation that shows the transfer of electrons in a redox reaction.

Electroplating

The process of depositing a metal coating on an object using electrolysis.

Copper(III) Sulphate Solution

The electrolyte used in the electrolysis of copper for purification.

Discharging

The process where ions lose or gain electrons at electrodes, leading to a neutral state.

Reactivity Series

A ranking of metals according to their reactivity, important for predicting which ions will discharge.

Bromide Ion

A negatively charged ion (Br-) that can be oxidized at the anode to form bromine.

Lead Ion

A positively charged ion (Pb2+) that can be reduced at the cathode to form lead.