Pregnancy Complications and Birth Defects

Flashcards about pregnancy complications and birth defects

Placenta increta/accreta/percreta

A pregnancy condition where the placenta grows too deeply into the uterine walls; types determined by depth of attachment.

Placenta previa

Condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix during pregnancy.

Placental abruption

Medical emergency where the placenta detaches prematurely from the uterine wall.

Gestational diabetes

When your body can't make enough insulin during your pregnancy.

Gestational hypertension

High BP that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy

HELLP syndrome

A medical emergency involving hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count, typically during the 3rd trimester or one week after the baby is born.

GBS (Group B streptococcus)

A bacterial infection that a pregnant woman can pass to her newborn during the time of labor/delivery; mother must be treated with antibiotics during labor.

Toxoplasmosis

Infection from parasites, usually caused from eating undercooked, contaminated meat; can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy.

Hyperemesis gravidarum

Severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, usually during first trimester, occasionally can extend into the second trimester.

Preeclampsia

Condition of high blood pressure and protein in the urine, no seizure activity present.

Eclampsia

Condition of high blood pressure with seizure activity.

Polyhydramnios

High levels of amniotic fluid.

Oligohydramnios

Low levels of amniotic fluid.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A type of herpesvirus infection.

Cervical insufficiency

Weak cervical tissue causing advanced cervical dilation, shortening, and effacement before week 24 of pregnancy. Or, no dilation, shortening, or effacement during labor.

cerclage

Suturing of cervix, prevents pre-term labor

Anencephaly

Condition where baby is born without parts of the brain and/or skull

Anophthalmia/Microphthalmia

Condition where baby is born with underdeveloped or no eyes entirely

Craniosynostosis

Condition where one or more cranial sutures fuse prematurely in utero

Spina bifida

Spinal column doesn't form properly

Cleft lip/palate

When a baby's mouth does not form properly during fetal development

Encephalocele

Condition where covered brain tissue protrudes abnormally through opening in skull

Down syndrome

Extra chromosome 21

Edwards syndrome

Extra chromosome 18

Anotia/microtia

Lack of development of the ear

PKU

Metabolic disorder where the body builds up dangerous levels of the amino acid phenylalanine

Gastroschisis

Exposed abdominal organs, without the presence of a membrane

Omphalocele

Exposed abdominal organs, with the presence of a protective membrane

Turner syndrome

Condition that impacts only females where one of the X chromosomes is missing or partially missing

Patau syndrome

Extra chromosome 13

Congenital hydrocephalus

Build up of excess CSF around the brain

FAS

Physical, behavior, and learning problems that are present due to fetal exposure to alcohol

NAS

Fetal exposure to drugs that results in withdrawal symptoms after delivery

FSH

Hormone that triggers the growth of eggs, matures egg for ovulation

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Triggers ovulation and stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

Estrogen

Regulates the growth and shedding of endometrium. Also stimulates ovulation