chemistry ch.1 pt.1

Bond formation is the process by which atoms join together to form molecules or compounds to achieve a more stable electron configuration by satisfying the __.

octet rule

Energy is __ when bonds form, indicating that the resulting molecule is at a lower, more stable energy state than the separated atoms.

released

Atomic orbitals are regions around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found and are characterized by __.

quantum numbers

When atoms bond, their atomic orbitals can combine to form __.

molecular orbitals

The hybridization __ forms four equivalent bonds in molecules such as methane.

sp^3

The formal charge of an atom can be calculated using the formula: Formal Charge = (Valence electrons) - (Non-bonding electrons) - __.

1/2(Bonding electrons)

Bond polarity describes the __ sharing of electrons between atoms in a covalent bond, leading to a separation of electric charge.

unequal

A __ covalent bond occurs when there is an unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial positive and partial negative charges.

polar

The overall polarity of a molecule depends on both the polarity of its individual bonds and the __ of the molecule.

geometry