Chapter 14: Real Transformers and Their Efficiency Analysis

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to real transformers, their efficiency, and analysis methods discussed in the lecture.

Real transformers behave almost like __ ones but include losses and imperfections.

Ideal

Ideal models are fine for early design estimates, but accurate design efficiency analysis need a more __ model.

realistic

Real transformers are very __ - losses are small but not zero.

efficient

Variations of Equivalent Circuits can be referred to the __ side.

Primary

In equivalent circuits, quantities are converted using the __ ratio.

turns

The approximate equivalent circuit moves Lm and SRc to the __ side.

input

Voltage regulation measures how much output voltage drops under load compared to __ condition.

no-load

The formula for percent regulation is __ = (Unoload - Vload) / Vload x 100%.

% regulation

Voltage regulation is caused mainly by __, Rz, L, and h.

R1

The formula for efficiency of a real transformer is approximately __ x 100% : (1 - X10%).

Had

Pload represents the power delivered to the __.

load

Ploss is the sum of __ loss and core loss.

copper

Pin represents the total power supplied to the __.

primary

The efficiency of real transformers is less than __ percent.

100

Real transformers exhibit losses such as leakage flux, iron losses, and __ imperfections.

core

In hand calculations, approximate equivalent circuit is __ enough for practical purposes.

accurate

The key elements in analyzing real transformers include R, L, and __ drops.

voltage

The efficiency formula shows that real transformers can never reach __ efficiency.

ideal

Copper loss in transformers is a type of __ loss.

power

Voltage regulation is critical for ensuring steady voltage __ regardless of load.

output

Voltage regulation is affected by the quality of __ in the transformer.

construction

Real transformers can operate efficiently in certain ranges of __.

load

To analyze transformers, we often use an equivalent circuit on the __ side.

primary

The effective voltage between the input and output of a transformer can differ due to __.

loads

Real transformers can approach ideal behavior under __ designs.

optimal

The __ ratio is essential for converting quantities in transformer circuits.

turns

Core losses in transformers are related to variations in __ field.

magnetic

Real transformers can exhibit losses due to imperfect __ with windings.

interactions

The overall efficiency of real transformers must account for both copper and core __.

losses