Unit 4 Socialization

Nature vs Nurture

One of the greatest controversies in the study of human behavior regarding whether genetics or environment shapes behavior.

Nature Argument

The perspective that behavior is determined by our inherited genetic structure.

Nurture Argument

The viewpoint that behavior is a result of learning and experiences from external factors.

Socialization

The lifelong social experience by which individuals develop human potential and learn culture.

Self

A nonstatic phenomenon in which a distinct identity that sets one apart from others develops and changes over time.

John Locke's Blank Slate Theory

The theory that each newborn is a Tabula Rosa, or clear slate, which can be shaped into any character based on experiences.

Looking Glass Self Theory

Charles Cooley's theory stating that self-identity is developed through social interactions and the perceptions of others.

Stages of Child Socialization

George Herbert Mead's framework describing the progression from not recognizing oneself as separate to understanding social roles through significant others.

Agents of Socialization

Individuals, groups, and institutions that enable socialization to occur, such as family, school, and peers.

Resocialization

The process of learning new values and norms, often within a setting where individuals are isolated from the rest of society.

Gender Socialization

Specific messages and practices about the nature of being female or male in a society.

Racial Socialization

The process involving the nature of one’s racial or ethnic status as it relates to identity and social hierarchy.

Birth Order

The order in which a child is born in their family, which may influence their personality and behavior.

Heredity

The genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to their offspring, shaping physical and behavioral traits.

Parental Characteristics

Traits and behaviors exhibited by parents that can influence their children's development and socialization.

Family

The primary unit of socialization, where individuals learn values, norms, and social roles.

School

An institution that plays a crucial role in socializing children, teaching academic skills and social norms.

Peer Groups

Groups of individuals of similar age and social status that provide social interaction and influence behaviors.

Mass Media

Various forms of communication (like television, internet, and newspapers) that spread cultural norms and values across society.

Total Institutions

Organizations that control many aspects of individuals' lives and aim to resocialize them, such as prisons and mental hospitals.