Chemistry: Lesson 1 (Classification of Matter)

matter

anything that has mass and takes up space by having volume

five states (only be assessed on 3) — four are natural, one is not

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• plasma

• bose-einstein condensates

solid: shape, volume, compressibility

fixed, fixed, low

liquid: shape, volume, compressibility

shape of container, fixed, moderate

gas: shape, volume, compressibility

shape of container, volume of container, high

changing states of matter

can be changed by adding/removing energy

once state has changed, not a new substance

pure substances

composed of a single type of particle. same properties throughout

types of pure substances

element: pure substances that cannot be broken down further by chemical reactions (ex. hydrogen, gold magnesium)

compound: made up of two or more elements (ex. water, CO2)

mixtures

substances that contain two different kinds of particles mixed (not combined) together

types of mixtures

• homogeneous (solutions): uniform throughout (eg. fruit punch, sugar water, saline solution)

• heterogeneous (mechanical mixture): composition is not uniform (you can see the different parts (eg. pizza, salad, burger)

solutions

formed with solute and solvent

solute: being dissolved

solvent: does the dissolving

mechanical mixtures (types)

suspension: particles will seperate out from the mixture (oil and water, muddy water)

colloid: particles will not settle, even with intense spinning in a centrifuge

the clue that a mixture is a colloid and not a solution is

it scatters light when a laser is pointed through it. you can see the beam travel through the mixture.