Breathing Patterns and Respiratory Terminology

Apnea

no breathing

Hypernea

deeper breathing

Hypopnea

shallow breathing

Tachypnea

fast breathing

Bradypnea

slow breathing

Kussmaul breathing

deep breaths for specific reasons

Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern

common in patients with strokes affecting the brain + CNS

Flail Chest

multiple ribs are broken + move w/ diaphragm than staying in one place (we can't breathe)

Hyperventilation

breathing out too much CO2 leading to blood becoming basic

Hypoventilation

not getting rid of enough CO2 (being too acidic)

Normal pH range

7.35-7.45

Anoxia

absence of oxygen

Hypoxia

low levels of oxygen in your body tissues

Hypercarbia

an increase in carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

ABG

Blood Test standing Arterial Blood Gas (Blood in our arteries)

PaO2

Identifying the pressure of arterial oxygen

PaCO2

Pressure of arterial carbon dioxide

Room Air

oxygen we're breathing now

FiO2

Fraction of inspired oxygen

Every liter of oxygen per minute

7% in FiO2

RR/F

Respiratory rate/frequency

Adults

12-18 breaths per minute

Tidal Volume

the amount of air breathed in and out w/ each breath

Average for adults Tidal Volume

500ml

Minute Volume

how much air breathed in and out in a minute

PIP

Peak Inspiratory Pressure

Standard PIP

15

PEEP

Peak End Expiratory Pressure

PEEP pressure

Abt 5cm of pressure

Crackles

popping/crackling sound w/ close/collapsed alveoli that reopen

Stridor

high pitched wheezing heard when patients breath in inspiration. From swollen large airways.

Wheezing

heard when patients breathe out

nares

external opening of the nose

nasal conchae

inside each nostril, create turbulence in airflow, slow air down to warm and humidify, deflects bacteria

nasopharynx: pharyngeal tonsil

behind the nose, tonsil are there, if they become inflamed bc of infection the nasal passages become block

oral cavity

mouth, contains teeth and tongue

oropharynx

directly behind mouth

laryngopharynx

is posterior to the lower jaw, its about an inch long

larynx

is our voice box as well as the location of the epiglottis, inferior to pharynx, made of 8 rings of hyaline cartilage + flap of elastic cartilage (epiglottis)

trachea

wind pipe, about 4 in., supported by c-shape rings of hyaline cartilage, CARINA - bottom of trachea where splits into 2 main bronchi

main bronchi

right and left, the left is bigger because heart is on that side

O2 & CO2 exchange

higher concentration od O2 outside of the body so when we breath O2 diffuses into the blood stream and attaches to red blood cells, CO2 carried to the lungs in blood plasma diffuses out of the blood to the air filling our lungs so we can exhale

alveoli

exchanges O2 and CO2

capillary

A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.