Global Perspectives Reading Notes

3 Factors of involvement obligation

3 Factors of involvement obligation

1. nature of relationship

2. degree of effectiveness

3. capacity

nature of relationship

location and relation to conflict

degree of effectiveness

how well you can help, who helps best

capacity

ability, funding, and materials to aid

2 approaches to implementing

1. soft systems of implementing

2. hard, coercive enforcement measures

soft systems of implementing

inquires, exposing injustice, and empowering victims and de-powering violators

hard, coercive enforcement measures

intervention, international tribunals, the ICC

sanctions

punishments or penalties imposed by one state, a group of states, or the global community on another state/s in order to gain compliance with a widely accepted code of behavior

economic sanctions exs.

limiting trade, reducing financial access, freezing deposits

diplomatic and political sanctions

embarrass leaders/communities, reduce connections and world notice

cultural sanctions

reduce or stop cultural exchanges, tourism, connections, etc.

unilateral sanctions

imposed by one country, more common before 1990

multilateral sanctions

imposed by more than one country, more common after 1990

reasons for sanction failure

1. nationalism

2. globalization

3. enabling of repressive govts.

humanitarian intervention

the use of military force to protect human rights

consensual intervention

agreed upon by all parties, often less violent and little force involved

opposed intervention

conducted against the will of the occupied state’s wishes, often involves violent/armed assistance

peacekeeping

consensual monitoring, light force form of assistance

peacemaking

heavily armed military intervention

genocide

the systematic mass murder of an ethnicity, religion, or national group based on discriminatory pre-concepts

The Genocide Convention

classifies and responds to (possible) genocides

The Nuremberg Tribunal

created to try and punish Nazi soldiers after WW2, lead directly to the creation of the ICC

international crime court location and date

2002, The Hague, Denmark

2 drawbacks of individualized tribunals by country

1. expensive and time consuming to create

2. hard to get all 5 members of the UN Security Council to consent

Importance of the ICC

tries and punishes leaders of nations that can’t otherwise have the power to do so, enforces international standards for humanity