CHM 1040 Exam Review Flashcards

These flashcards cover essential concepts from the CHM 1040 lecture notes, including key definitions and important principles in chemistry.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only converted to another form.

First Law of Thermodynamics

Total energy of the universe is constant.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Entropy of the universe is constant.

Endothermic Process

A process in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings.

Exothermic Process

A process in which the system releases energy to its surroundings.

Limiting Reagent

The reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant.

% Yield

The measure of the efficiency of a reaction, calculated as (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole.

Specific Heat

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Enthalpy Change (ΔH)

The heat content of a system at constant pressure, used to quantify the energy change in a reaction.

Exothermic Reaction

A reaction that releases heat to the surroundings.

Endothermic Reaction

A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings.

Quantum Mechanics

A fundamental theory in physics that describes the behavior of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic levels.

Schrödinger’s Model

A model of the atom that describes electrons in terms of probabilities within orbitals rather than fixed paths.

Bohr Model

An early model of the atom that depicted electrons traveling in fixed circular orbits around the nucleus.