Madhyama Pratham Vocal Music Theory Exam Flashcards

Flashcards for the ABGMVM Vocal Music Madhyama Pratham Theory Exam

Anulom

Singing in ascending (Lower Ni to higher Sa in Malkauns)

Vilom

Singing Descending (Sa Ni Dha Ma Ga Sa)

Meend

A slight, delicate swing from one note to another while touching the note in between. Shown with a curve above two swars.

Gamak

A quick, deep-throated repetition of a swar, which is often used in Dhrupad.

Suta

Going from lower to higher swar, or vice-versa, using meend.

Ghaseet

On a musical instrument, swinging from one swar to another while touching the swar in between.

Zamzama

A cluster of notes used to embellish the landing note.

Murki

One or more notes sung in high speed.

Chhut

Holding one note then singing a fast melody.

Naad

A musical sound or vibration

What are the 3 components of Naad?

Magnitude, Timbre, & Pitch

Magnitude

Volume

Timbre

The origine of a sound (human sound v/s musical instrument sound)

Pitch

How high or low a sound is (females - low pitch; males - high pitch)

Saral/Shuddha Taan

Taan composed using a Raag’s Aaroh & Avroh

Koot Taan

Taan that doesn’t have specific pattern/is uncertain.

Mishra Taan

Taan that has ascending & descending pattern.

Sapaat Taan

Taan composed in Mandra, Madhya, & Taar Saptak (lower, middle, & higher scale) in an ascending-descending way, with a fast speed

Vakra Taan

Taan that is not straightly composed

Chordophone/Stringed Instrument/Tantu Vadya

Stringed Instruments (Ex: Sarod, Sitar, Guitar)

2 Types:

• Tat Vadya: Played by plucking the strings

• Vitat Vadya: Played with a bow

Autophone/Ghana Vadya

Instruments played by striking 2 pieces together to produce a sound. Generally made with metal & produce a long, sustaining sound (Ex: Bells, Tambourine, Piano, Triangle, Jhanj)

Membraphone/Percussion Instrument/Charma Vadya

Percussions are the instruments used to produce rhythmic sound. Taal vadyas are called as Avanadh vadya that are covered with skins of animals to produce hollow sounds (Ex: Tabla, Pakhawaj, Dhol, Dholak, Dhapli)

Aerophone/Sushir Vadya

Musical instruments played by blowing. Blowing of air helps produce a sound. Pipes with a blowing hole on top come into this category.

2 Types:

• Pipes with a Reed: Clarinet, Shehnai, Mouth Organ

• Pipes without a Reed: Bigul, Trumpet, Flute

• Harmonium is an instrument in which wind is blown to the reed through a bellow moved by hand

12 Thaats made by Lochan

1. Bhairav

2. Todi

3. Gouri

4. Karnat

5. Kedar

6. Erman

7. Sarang

8. Megh

9. Dharshini

10. Poorvi

11. Mukhari

12. Deepak

10 Thaats made by Pt. Bhatkhande

1. Bilaval

2. Khamaj

3. Kaafi

4. Asawari

5. Bhairavi

6. Bhairav

7. Kalyan

8. Marwa

9. Poorvi

10. Todi

Sandhiprakash Raag

• Sandhiprakash Raags are sung at Twilight (Dawn - Sunrise; Dusk - Sunset)

• Singing at these times has a special effect & creates the Raag’s mood

• Komal Re & Dha (plus Shuddha Ga) are requirements for Sandhiprakash Raags

Sandhiprakash Raagas Sung at Dawn

Bhairav, Bhairavi, Kalingada - Shuddha Ma

Sandhiprakash Raagas Sung at Dusk

Poorvi, Puriya, Marva - Tivra Ma

Jhoomra Info

Matra - 14

Vibhags - 4 (3, 4, 3, 4)

Taali - 1, 4, 11

Khaali - 8

Dhin Dha Tirkit | Dhin Dhin Dhage Tirkit | Tin Ta Tirkit | Dhin Dhin Dhage Tirkit |

Tilwada Info

Matra - 16

Vibhags - 4 (4, 4, 4, 4)

Taali - 1, 5, 13

Khaali - 9

Dha Tirkit Dhin Dhin | Dha Dha Tin Tin | Ta Tirkit Dhin Dhin | Dha Dha Dhin Dhin |

Sultaal Info

Matras - 10

Vibhags - 5 (2, 2, 2, 2, 2)

Taali - 1, 5, 7

Khaali - 3, 9

Dha Dha | Din Ta | Kita Dha | Tita Kata | Gadi Gana |

Choutaal Info

Matra - 12

Vibhags - 6 (2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2)

Taali - 1, 5, 9, 11

Khaali - 3, 7

Dha Dha | Din Ta | Kita Dha | Din Ta | Tita Kata | Gadi Gana |

Dhamaar Info

Matra - 14

Vibhags - 4 (5, 2, 3, 4)

Taali - 1, 6, 11

Khaali - 8

Kat Dhi Ta Dhi Ta | Dha S | Ga Ti Ta | Ti Ta Taa S |

Pt. Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande

Birth - August 10, 1860

Death - September 19, 1936

Guru - Pt. Vallabh Das (Sitar); Ravjibuva Belbagkar (Dhrupad/Dhamar); Ali & Vilayat Hussain

Achievements -

• Lawyer

• Learned many Indian languages

• Proved origins of Hindustani Classical Music & found texts/scriptures w/ Raag info

• Wrote Shrimal Lakshya Sangeetam, Hindustani Sangeet Paddhati (4 volumes), & Kramik Pustak Malika (6 volumes)

• National Sangeet Conference in 1961

• Mauris College of Hindustani Music & Madhav College of Hindustani Music

• Thaat Study

• Easy Lipi system

Legacy - We use his books, thaats, & lipi system today

Disciple - Pt. Shrikrishna Narayan Ratanjankar

Swami Haridas

Birth -1569 or 1478

Death - 1664 or 1573 (Nildhavan Kunj)

Father - Ashudheer (Great Scholar)

Achievements -

• Krishna Bhakti

• Composed hundreds of Dhrupads

• Sangeet Kalpadrum

• Raas Leela is his gift

Legacy - Today’s traditions rooted in his teachings

Disciple - Taansen

Taansen/Tanna Mishra

Birth - 1532 or 1500

Death - 1585 or 1589

Guru - Swami Haridas; Fakir

Father - Mukund Ram (Makrand) Pande

Achievements -

• Made animal sounds

• Married Husaini Brahmani (also singer)

• Nobleman of Akbar’s court

• Jealous people asked him to sing Raag Deepak, which made his body & air hot. His daughter, Saraswati, sang Raag Megh to cool him

• He made rains fall, mesmerized animals, & cured diseases w/ his music

• Created raags like (Darbari, Kanhada, Miya ki Todi, Miya ki Malhar, Miya ki Sarang)

Legacy - Song Bilas Khan, daughter Saraswati

Pt. Balkrishnabuva Ichalkaranjikar

Birth -1849

Death - 1926

Guru - Devjibuva Paranjpe; Vasudevbuva

Achievements -

• Music Magazine “Sangeet Darpan”

• Mumbai, Miraj, & Ichalkaranji

• Taught Vishnu Digambar Paluskar

Disciples - Dr. Bhandarkar, Mahadev Apte, Kunte, Justice Telang

Pt. Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande

Birth - August 10, 1860

Death - September 19, 1936

Swami Haridas

Birth - 1569/1478

Death - 1664/1573

Taansen

Birth - 1532/1500

Death - 1585/1589

Pt. Balkrishnabuva Ichalkaranjikar

Birth - 1849

Death - 1926

Raag Tilang

Thaat: Khamaaj
Jaati: Odav
Vaadi Samvaadi: Ga Ni
Vikrut: Ni Komal
Varjit: Re Dha
Time: 2nd Night Zone

Raag Jaunpuri

Thaat: Asawari
Jaati: Shadav-Sampoorna
Vaadi Samvaadi: Sa Pa
Vikrut: Ga, Dha, Ni Komal
Varjit: Ga in Aaroh
Time: 2nd Day Zone

Raag Malkauns

Thaat: Bhairavi
Jaati: Odav
Vaadi Samvaadi: Ma Sa
Vikrut: Ga, Dha, Ni Komal
Varjit: Re Pa
Time: Midnight

Raag Hameer

Thaat: Kalyaan
Jaati: Sampoorna
Vaadi Samvaadi: Dha Ga
Vikrut: Ma Tiwra
Varjit: None
Time: 1st Night Zone

Raag Patadeep

Thaat: Kaafi
Jaati: Odav-Sampoorna
Vaadi Samvaadi: Pa Sa
Vikrut: Ga Komal
Varjit: Re Dha in Aaroh
Time: Evening

Raag Deskar

Thaat: Bilawal
Jaati: Odav
Vaadi Samvaadi: Dha Ga
Vikrut: None
Varjit: Ma Ni
Time: Early Morning

Raag Kalingada

Thaat: Bhairav
Jaati: Sampoorna
Vaadi Samvaadi: Pa Sa
Vikrut: Re Dha Komal
Varjit: None
Time: Dawn

Paluskar 1/3 beat

Sa Sa with Curve Under

Paluskar 1 Beat

Sa Re with Horizontal Line Under

Paluskar ½ Beat

SaRe with Circle Under

Paluskar ¼ Beat

SaReGaMa with 1 Semicircle Under

Paluskar 1/8 Beat

SaReGaMa with 2 Semicircle Under

Paluskar Sam

1 (Beat Number)

Paluskar Khaali

+ (Plus sign)

Paluskar Taali

Beat Number (1, 5, 13)

Paluskar Khand/Vibhag

No sign

Paluskar Avartan

Line

Paluskar Shuddha Note

No SignP

Paluskar Komal (Flat) Note

Forward Slanting Horizontal Line Under Notes

Paluskar Tivra (Sharp) Note

Backward Slanting Horizontal Line Under Notes

Paluskar Mandra Saptak

Dot on Top of Notes

Paluskar Madhya Saptak

No Sign

Paluskar Taar Saptak

Vertical Line on Top of Note

Paluskar Swar/Note Extension

Sa SSS

Paluskar Word Extension

Dot in middle of syllables (Ra * * m)

Pt. Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande Birth Date

Birth - August 10, 1860

Pt. Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande Death Date

Death - September 19, 1936

Swami Haridas Birth Date

Birth - 1569/1478

Swami Haridas Death Date

Death - 1664/1573

Tansen Birth Date

Birth - 1532/1500

Tansen Death Date

Death - 1585/1589

Pt. Balkrishnabuva Ichalkaranjikar Birth Date

Birth - 1849

Pt. Balkrishnabuva Ichalkaranjikar Death Date

Death - 1926

Pt. Pannalal Ghosh Birth Date

Birth - 24 July, 1911

Pt. Pannalal Ghosh Death Date

Death - 20 April, 1960