Physiotherapy and Medical Interventions

These flashcards cover important concepts from the lecture on artificial airways, invasive monitoring, pneumonia, cardiac rehabilitation, and therapy management.

What is the purpose of an Endotracheal Tube (ETT)?

To provide oral intubation for mechanical ventilation when patients can't speak.

What does the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) reflect?

The average pressure of blood through the circulatory system, indicating tissue perfusion pressure.

What are the normal ranges for Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?

70-100 mm Hg, with at least 60 mm Hg needed for adequate tissue perfusion.

Where is a Pulmonary Artery Catheter (Swan-Ganz) introduced?

Via a central venous access point, typically the internal jugular or subclavian vein.

What is the main use of a Central Line?

To provide access for medications and fluids and allow for direct continuous monitoring of central venous pressure.

What should be done with chest drains during mobilization?

Keep them below the level of the patient’s chest and avoid kinking the tubes.

What is the primary objective of using Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)?

To deliver up to 100% FiO2 for patients with respiratory failure.

What is the recommendation if SpO2 is less than 90% during activity?

Stop activity, modify position, try breathing strategies, or place on supplemental O2.

What are common factors contributing to pneumonia?

Bacterial or viral infections causing inflammation of lung parenchyma.

What defines Lobar Pneumonia?

Inflammation of an entire lobe, leading to consolidation, bilateral infiltration, and respiratory symptoms.

What is the difference between Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure?

Systolic Heart Failure (HFrEF) involves contractile dysfunction, whereas Diastolic Heart Failure (HFpEF) involves compliance dysfunction.

What physiologic changes occur with pleural effusion?

Increased lung pressure, reduced ventilation, decreased chest wall excursion, and leading to restrictive dysfunction.

What are major complications of coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Increased risk of myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and heart failure.

In Physical Therapy management, what is important during the consolidation stage of pneumonia?

To improve gas exchange and optimize ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio.