ROOT CANAL ANATOMY AND TOOTH MORPHOLOGY

Second phase

microscopic evaluations, tooth sectioning,

root clearing techniques, and scanning

electron microscopy

Third phase

computed tomography (CT), magnetic

resonance microscopy, tuned-aperture CT,

optical coherence tomography, volumetric or

cone beam CT (CBCT), micro–computed

tomography (micro-CT)

PULP CHAMBER

located within the anatomic dental crown

ROOT CANAL SPACE

found inside the radicular portion of the tooth

ISTHMUS

a transverse anastomosis

ISTHMUS

a narrow, ribbon shaped communication between two root canals that may contain vital tissues, necrotic pulp, biofilms, or residual filling material

ISTHMUS TYPE 1

an incomplete isthmus

ISTHMUS TYPE 1

there is a faint communication between two canals

ISTHMUS TYPE 2

is characterized by two canals with a definite connection between them

ISTHMUS TYPE 3

there is a very short, complete isthmus between two canals

ISTHMUS TYPE 4

there is a complete or incomplete isthmus between three or more canals

ISTHMUS TYPE 5

marked by two or three canal openings without visible connection

APICAL CONSTRICTION

the reference point clinicians use most often as the apical termination for enlarging, shaping, cleaning, disinfecting and filling

APICAL CONSTRICTION

violation of this area with instruments or filling materials is not recommended for long term successful outcomes

APICAL CONSTRICTION

is generally 0.5 to 1.5mm coronal to the apical foramen

APICAL FORAMEN

aka major apical diameter

APICAL FORAMEN

circumference or rounded edge, like a funnel or crater

APICAL FORAMEN

differentiates the termination of the cemental canal from the exterior surface of the root

APICAL FORAMEN

demonstrates the growth with age

APICAL FORAMEN

does not normally exit at the anatomic apex, but rather is offset 0.5 to 3mm

FUNNEL SHAPED

shape of the space between the minor and major apical diameters

0.5mm

mean distance between the major and minor apical diameter in young person

0.67mm

mean distance between the major and minor apical diameter in old person

CEMENTOENAMEL JUNCTION

point in canal where cementum meets dentin

CEMENTOENAMEL JUNCTION

point where pulp tissue ends and periodontal tissue begin

CEMENTOENAMEL JUNCTION

location of the CDJ in the root canal varies

CEMENTOENAMEL JUNCTION

is not in the same area as the apical constriction and estimates place it approximately 1mm from the apical foramen

TAURODONTISM

bull shaped tooth

TAURODONTISM

dental morphologic variation in which the body of tooth is enlarged and roots are reduced in length

TAURODONTISM

presents a large pulp chamber with apical displacement of pulpal floor and furcation of roots

DENS INVAGINATUS

dens in dente

DENS INVAGINATUS

developmental defect resulting from invagination in the surface of the crown before calcification has occured

RADIX

latin word for “root”

RADIX

refers to additional roots of teeth mostly molar, with each root usually containing a single root canal

C SHAPED CANALS

may presence of one or more isthmuses connecting individual canals, which can change the cross sectional and 3 canal shape along the root

C SHAPED CANALS

found in teeth with fusion of the roots either on its buccal or lingual aspect

FUSION

union of two distinct dental sprout that occurs in an stage of the dental organ

FUSION

joined by the dentin

GEMINATION

disturbance during odontogenesis

GEMINATION

in which partial cleavage of the tooth germ occurs and results in a tooth that has a double or twin crown

GEMINATION

usually not completely separated and sharing a common root and pulp space

HYPERCEMENTOSIS

excessive deposition of non neoplastic cementum over normal root cementum, which alters the root morphology and macroscopic appearance

RADICULAR GROOVE

developmental depression in the proximal aspect of the root surface

AGING

tends to modify the root canal system morphology as. result of the deposition of secondary dentin

SECONDARY DENTIN

starts to form once the tooth erupts and is in occlusion

young patients

has larger canals and pulp chambers

older patients

has more sharply defined and narrow root canals