Disorders of Leukocytes & Lymphoid Tissues

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering disorders of leukocytes and lymphoid tissues, essential for studying hematology.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation from stem cells.

Leukocytes

White blood cells responsible for immune responses.

Neutropenia

A decrease in neutrophils to less than 1,500/μL.

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

An increase in neutrophils to more than 7,500/μL.

Lymphocytopenia

A decrease in lymphocytes to less than 1,000/μL.

Lymphocytic leukocytosis

An increase in lymphocytes to more than 4,500/μL.

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

A type of leukemia characterized by the rapid growth of immature lymphocytes.

Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)

A fast-growing leukemia affecting myeloid cells.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A slow-growing form of leukemia involving mature lymphocytes.

Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML)

A slow-growing leukemia that starts in blood-forming cells.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A type of lymphoma characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells.

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A diverse group of blood cancers that do not involve Reed-Sternberg cells.

Plasma

The liquid component of blood, making up 55% of its volume.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen.

Thrombocytes

Platelets involved in blood clotting.

Neutrophils

The most abundant type of white blood cell, primarily focusing on bacterial infections.

Eosinophils

White blood cells involved in combating parasitic infections.

Basophils

White blood cells that release histamine during allergic reactions.

Monocytes

Large white blood cells that differentiate into macrophages.

Lymphocytes

White blood cells that are crucial for adaptive immune responses.

Stem cells

Undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to various blood cells.

B cells

Lymphocytes that become plasma cells and produce antibodies.

T cells

Lymphocytes that play various roles in immune response, including helper and cytotoxic functions.

NK cells

Natural killer cells that provide rapid responses to virally infected cells.

Centrifugation

A laboratory technique to separate blood components by spinning.

Hematocrit

The percentage of blood volume that is composed of red blood cells.

Polycythemia

An increase in the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream.

Anemia

A condition characterized by a deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells.

Infection

The invasion of the body by pathogens leading to tissue damage.

Pathogen

An organism that causes disease, such as bacteria or viruses.

Fibrinogen

A plasma protein essential for blood clotting.

Albumin

A major protein in blood plasma that helps maintain osmotic pressure.

Cytokines

Signaling proteins released by cells to communicate in the immune response.

Chemokines

A subset of cytokines that specifically induce chemotaxis in nearby cells.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines

Cytokines that promote inflammation.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by B cells to recognize and neutralize pathogens.

Antigens

Foreign molecules that trigger an immune response.

Clotting factors

Proteins in blood plasma that are involved in the coagulation process.

Genetic disorders

Diseases caused by abnormalities in an individual's DNA.

Immunosuppression

Reduced function of the immune system.

Malnutrition

A state of insufficient or excessive nutrient intake affecting health.

Translocation

A genetic rearrangement where a segment of one chromosome becomes attached to another chromosome.

Philadelphia chromosome

An abnormal chromosome produced by translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, associated with CML.

Hemophilia

A genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots.

Splenomegaly

An enlargement of the spleen.

Lymphadenopathy

Swelling of lymph nodes typically due to infection or malignancy.

Candidemia

Presence of Candida species in the blood.

Monocytosis

An increase in the number of monocytes.

Basophilia

An increase in the number of basophils.

Eosinophilia

An increase in the number of eosinophils.

Corticosteroids

Anti-inflammatory medications that can affect white blood cell counts.

Chemotherapy

A treatment process using drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells.

Radiation therapy

A treatment method that uses high-energy particles or waves to destroy or damage cancer cells.

Antimicrobial agents

Drugs used to treat infections.

Genitourinary system

The organ system that includes the genital and urinary organs.