prosocial behavior

prosocial behavior

any act performed with the goal of benefitting another person

altruism

any act that benefits another person but does not benefit the helper and may even pose some risk to the helper

Evolutionary psychology

we are genetically hard-wired to help others out

social exchange theory

helping gets rewarded and the costs aren’t too high

empathy-altriusm

we feel what the other person is feeling and help

Kin selection

a tendency to help people who we are genetically similar to

The reciprocity norm

the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future

not

one gender is ___ more likely to help than the other

how

gender norms influence ____ people help

dangerous

men are more likely to help in ________ situations

nurturing

women are more likely to help with _______ others

Simpatia

prominent in spanish speaking countries; refers to a range of social and emotional traits: friendly, polite, good-natured, pleasant, helpful toward others

urban overload hypothesis

cities produce environments that are not conducive to helping

the bystander effect

the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency the less likely any one of them is to help the victim

5 stage model of helping

Noticing the event, interpreting the event as an emergency, assuming responsibility, knowing how to help, and deciding the implement help

Pluralistic ignorance

we often think that we are the only person that believes something, but that is rarely true

Both cultures were equally likely to be altruistic.

When American and Japanese participants were studied on the likelihood they would engage in altruistic behavior, what was the final result?

none

____ of the research in evolutionary theory has actually been observed behaviorally.

interpretation; personal obligation

Pluralistic ignorance is to __________ as diffusion of responsibility is to __________.

receive tangible rewards like food, water, and sex

Recent research by Buchanan and Preston (2016) has shown that when people help others, the same parts of their brain are activated as when they __________.

when the benefits outweigh the costs

A principal theory in social psychology is social exchange theory. According to this theory, we will be most likely to help others __________.

to try to imagine how Carol felt about what happened to her and how it changed her life.

In support for the empathy-altruism hypothesis, researchers (Toi & Batson, 1982) found that participants were most likely to help a student named Carol who was injured in an automobile accident when they were told __________.

encourage volunteerism while preserving employees' free choice to volunteer or not

If you were an employer who wanted to increase volunteerism among your employees, what strategy would you employ in order to increase the chances that the employees would continue to volunteer in the future?

social exchange (weighing the costs and the benefits)

Although George wants to help a stranded motorist he passed on the freeway, he passes by because he knows it would take too much time out of his busy schedule. What theory offers the BEST explanation as to why George did not help?

are more likely to pass on her genes

According to evolutionary psychologists, why would Doris be more likely to save her children than her parents in a life-threatening emergency? Doris's children __________.

more; before (help more before because they are guilty and helping people can alleviate that guilt)

Research on mood and helping found that people were __________ likely to help __________ they attended confession.

for a children's charity that is religious (in-group)

According to research on the impact of religion on helping behavior, if Dr. Hinford, a devoutly religious man, makes a donation to a children's charity, he is most likely to do it __________.

Classic evolutionary theory proposes that the processes of natural selection operate only at the individual, not the group level.

Why are many biologists skeptical about the concept of group selection?