hcs 1010 chapter 1 and 2 test

lith

stone ex lithiasis= stonies in organs

pysch

mind 

caud

tail ex: caudal= feet are caudal to the knees

or

mouth ex oral

cardi in combing form

cardi/o

gastr in combining form

gastr/o

oste in combining form

oste/o

chol in combining form

chol/e

anti- prefix meaning

against

hyper prefix meaning

above, excessive

pre prefix meaning

before

logy suffix meaning

study of

mania suffix meaning

madness or obsession

itis suffix meaning

inflamation

combining vowel usage

The combining vowel (e.g., 'o' in cardi/o) is used:
◦ Before suffixes that begin with a consonant.
◦ Before another word root when forming compound words.

combining vowel dropped

The combining vowel is dropped if the suffix itself begins with a vowel (a, e, i,
o, u).
Joining Other Word Parts to Prefixes
• Most prefixes end with a vowel and can be added to other word parts without change. Be aware of
exceptions = example ex- + ccentric = x is dropped

eponymys

name derived from person name

eponyms examples

parkinsons, crohn, alzheimers, lyme, heimlich maneuver

abbreviations

Shortened forms of words or phrases (e.g., Dr. for Doctor). bp=blood pressure

acronyms

Words formed from the first letter of a series of words (e.g., MRI for Magnetic Resonance
Imaging). nasa, nato. prounces like a word

forming plurals rule 1 add -s

assistant = assistants

forming plurals rule 2 change y to

-i and add -es party= parties

forming plurals add es to word endings

in -s , -ch, -sh ex brush = brushes

-is becomes -es example

diagnosis = diagnoses

-um becomes -a

ex bacterium = bacteria

-us becomes -i

bronchus = bronchi

-a becomes -ae

patella = patellae

-ix becomes -ices / ex becomes -ices / -ax becomes -aces

appendix → appendices /  cortex → cortices /  thorax = thoraces

-ma becomes -s or -mata

carcinomas or carcinomata

on becomes -a

spermatozoon = sparmatozoa

nx becomes nges

pharynx = pharynges

Primary Accent:

The syllable receiving the greatest stress is often boldfaced. Single-syllable words have no stress mark

long and short vowels

marked with straight line above 

unmarked 

Combining Form:

A word root combined with a vowel (usually 'o') used to facilitate joining with other word parts to form a medical term (e.g., cardi/o)

Consonant:

A speech sound made by partially or completely blocking the flow of air through the mouth
(e.g., b, d, f)

prefix

A word part placed at the beginning of a word to modify its meaning (e.g., anti-, hyper-,

Suffix:

A word part placed at the end of a word to modify its meaning, often indicating a procedure,
condition, or disease (e.g., -logy, -itis).

Word Root:

he basic, fundamental meaning of a medical term, often indicating a body part, substance, or
action (e.g., lith, psych, cardi)

When would a combining vowel not be used when joining a word root to a suffix?

A combining vowel would not be used if the suffix itself begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u). In this case, the
combining vowel from the root is dropped to avoid having two vowels together

One who/Practitioner:

-er, -ist, -iatrician, -logist

Medical Profession/Treatment:

-iatrics, -iatry 

Pertaining to the study of

-logic, -logical 

Suffixes:  that mean "Pertaining to":

ac, -al, -ic, -ical (-ic + -al), -an, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ive, -tic, -ous

Crin/o: means

to secrete

dermat/o

skin

ethesi/o

sensation

gastr/, enter/o

stomach

ger/a ger/o geront/o

elderly

gynec/o

female

immun/o

immune

neur/o

nerve

obstetr/o

midwife

onc/o

tumor

ophthalm/o

eye

orth/o

straight

ped/o

child

ot/o

ear

laryng/o

larynx or voice box

path/o

disease

radi/o

radiation

rheumat/o

rheumatism

rhin/o

nose

ur/o

urinary tract

-centesis

surgical puncture

-ectomy

surgical removal

-lysis

process of loosening,freeing or destroying

-pexy

surgical fixing

-plasty

surgical repair or reshaping

-rrhaphy

suture

-scopy

visual examination

-stomy

creating an opening

-tome

instrument for cutting

-tomy

incision, cutting into

-tripsy

surgical crushing

aden/o

gland

angi/o

vessel

append/o , appendic/o

appendix

bi/o

life

blephar/o

eyelid

cerebr/o encephal/o

brain

chir/o

hand

col/o

colon or large intestine

cutane/o derm/o  dermat/o

skin

fac/o

face

hepat/o

liver

mamm/o mast/o

breast

myel/o

bone marrow or spinal cord

oste/o

bone

pulm/o pulmon/o pneum/o

lung

tonsill/o

tonsils

trache/o

trachea ( windpipe)

vas/o

vessel

-algia  -dynia

pain

-cele

hernia

ectasia -ectasis

dilation dilatation

-edema

swelling

-emesis

vomiting

-emia

blood condition

-ia   -iasis 

condition