Flower Parts, Seeds, and Roots

What is the function of sepals?

Protect the flower bud before it opens.

What does the epicotyl become?

Seedlings shoot tip

What is the coleoptile?

A tube that covers the leaves until the true leaves grow in

What does the hypocotyle become?

Most of the plants shoot

What does the cotyledon become?

Part of the leaves

What is the function of petals?

Attract pollinators through color, scent, or shape.

What is the anther?

The part of the stamen that produces pollen grains.

What is the filament?

The stalk that supports the anther.

What is the stigma?

The sticky structure that receives pollen.

What is the style?

The tube that connects the stigma to the ovary and allows pollen tubes to grow.

What is the ovary?

The structure that contains ovules and develops into fruit after fertilization.

What are ovules?

Structures inside the ovary that develop into seeds after fertilization.

What is a complete flower?

A flower that has sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.

What is an incomplete flower?

A flower missing one or more of the four main floral structures.

What is a perfect flower?

A flower that contains both male and female reproductive structures.

What is an imperfect flower?

A flower that contains only male or only female reproductive structures.

What is pollination?

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.

What happens after pollination?

A pollen tube grows down the style toward the ovule.

What is fertilization in flowering plants?

The fusion of sperm and egg inside the ovule.

What happens to petals after fertilization?

They usually fall off.

What is a fruit?

A mature ovary that protects and aids in seed dispersal.

What is the main function of fruit?

Protect seeds and help disperse them.

What happens to the ovary after fertilization?

It develops into a fruit.

What is a seed?

A fertilized ovule containing an embryo and stored food.

What structures are found inside a seed?

Embryo, endosperm, and seed coat.

What is germination?

The process by which a seed begins to grow into a new plant.

What conditions are required for germination?

Water, oxygen, and proper temperature.

Why is water important for germination?

It activates enzymes and allows metabolism to begin.

Why is oxygen needed during germination?

For cellular respiration.

Why is temperature important for germination?

It affects enzyme activity.

What does the radicle become?

The root.

What does the plumule become?

The true leaves

What is inhibition?

When water rushes into the seed, breaking dormancy and starting germination

What is the function of the cotyledon?

Stores and transfers food to the developing embryo.

What is the endosperm?

Stored food that nourishes the embryo.

What is a monocot seed?

A seed with one cotyledon.

What is a dicot seed?

A seed with two cotyledons.

Which type of seed has a complete endosperm?

Monocots.

What happens to the endosperm in dicots?

It is absorbed into the cotyledons.

What is the main function of roots?

Ancher the plant, absorb water and minerals, and store food.

What is a taproot system?

A root system with one main root and smaller branching roots.

What is a fibrous root system?

A root system with many similarly sized roots and no main root.

Which type of root system is found in monocots?

Fibrous root system.

Which type of root system is found in dicots?

Taproot system.

What is the root cap?

A structure that protects the root tip as it grows through soil.

What is the zone of cell division?

The region where new root cells are produced.

What is the zone of elongation?

The region where cells lengthen and push the root downward.

What is the zone of differentiation (maturation)?

The region where cells specialize into different tissues.

What are root hairs?

Tiny extensions that increase surface area for water and mineral absorption.

What is the epidermis of a root?

The outer layer that absorbs water and minerals.

What is the cortex of a root?

Tissue that stores food and transports materials inward.

What is the endodermis?

A layer that regulates movement of substances into vascular tissue.

What is the pericycle?

A layer that produces lateral roots.

What are xylem and phloem?

Vascular tissues that transport water and nutrients.

What are adventitious roots?

Roots that grow from stems or leaves instead of the main root.

Why are adventitious roots important?

They provide extra support or help plants spread.

What are the male parts of the flower

The stamen, anther, and filament

What does hermaphrodidic mean?

Something that has both male and female parts

What is a simple fruit?

One flower and one carple

What is an aggregated fruit?

One flower and multiple carples together

What is multiple fruit?

Multiple flowers that come together to form a fruit

What is an accessory fruit?

The receptical at the base of the flower becomes the fruit