Medterm endocrine

adrenal cortex

outer portion of adrenal gland; Secretes corticosteroids

adrenal glands

a pair of glands on top of the kidney

adrenal medulla

"inner portion of adrenal gland; Secretes catecholamine hormones

adrenaline (epinephrine)

"released by adrenal medulla; controls stress response; increases HR & BP, dilates bronchial tubes, & releases glucose when the body needs it for energy

aldosterone

released by adrenal cortex; increases salt(Na+) reabsorption

androgen

sexual characteristics; released by adrenal cortex

calcitonin

released by thyroid; decreases blood calcium

calcium

blood level decreased by Calcitonin; increased by PTH

catecholamines

hormones derived from amino acids

corticosteroids

(hromones derived from cholesterol)

cortisol

released by adrenal glands; increases blood glucose

endocrine gland

release hormones in the endocrine system

norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

released by adrenal medulla; controls stress response; constricts blood vessels to raise BP

estrogen

sexual characteristics; released by adrenal cortex

glucagon

released by pancreas; raises blood sugar (glycogen to glucose)

glucocorticoid

influence on metabolism of sugars, fats & proteins. Have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect

glucose

increased by cortisol and glucagon; decreased by insulin

homeostasis

state of steady internal, physical systems; maintained by endocrine system

hormones

substances made by glands in the body; released into the bloodstream

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Hormone produced during pregnancy that stimulates the production of progesterone and estrogen by the ovaries to maintain the pregnancy. Also used as a marker in pregnancy tests. A chemical created by trophoblast tissue, tissue typically found in early embryos and which will eventually be part of the placenta, can be helpful in identifying a normal pregnancy, pathologic pregnancy, and can also be useful following an aborted pregnancy (sustains preganancy)

insulin

released by pancreas; lowers blood sugar (glucose to glycogen )

iodine

Iodine is a mineral that is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism and growth.

islets of Langerhans

groups of pancreatic cells secreting insulin and glucagon.

mineralocorticoid

major is aldosterone; regulates salt, sodium and potassium

pancreas

Located near and partially behind the stomach;Exocrine and endocrine organ

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

released by parathyroid; increases blood calcium

parathyroid glands

"releases PTH, Four small oval bodies located on the dorsal aspect of the thyroid gland;Mobilizes calcium from bones into the bloodstream

potassium

controlled by aldosterone

sodium

controlled by aldosterone

steroid

a group of lipids that have a certain chemical structure

sympathomimetic

causing a physiological effect similar to that produced by stimulation of the sympathetic (fight or flight) nervous system

target tissue

where receptors bind to

thyroid gland

releases T3, T4, Calcitonin; small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck under your skin

thyroxine (T4)

more concentrated in the blood; increases metabolism

triiodothyronine (T3)

more potent; increases metabolism

adenohypophysis

"Anterior lobe releases Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); Growth hormone (GH) ;Prolactin; Thyroid-stimulating hormone; Gonadotropic hormones

adrenaline

"released by adrenal medulla; controls stress response; increases HR & BP, dilates bronchial tubes, & releases glucose when the body needs it for energy

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (adrenocorticotropin)

"Stimulates the growth of the adrenal cortex and increases its secretion of steroid hormones; released by Anterior Pituitary

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

"released by Posterior Pituitary Gland vasopressin;Stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidney tubules;Increases BP by constricting arterioles

calcitonin

released by thyroid; decreases blood calcium

electrolyte

A substance that breaks up into ions (particles with electrical charges) when it is dissolved in water or body fluids

estradiol

released by ovaries; maintains female sexual traits

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Stimulates growth of eggs, production of sperm and testosterone; type of gonadotropic hormone; Stimulates ovarian follicle in ovaries; stimulates testes to develop sperm

gonadotropic hormones

"Influence the growth and hormone secretion of the ovaries in females and the testes in males; secreted by Anterior Pituitary

growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)

Promotes protein synthesis that results in the growth of bones, muscles, and other tissues; secreted by Anterior Pituitary

hypothalamus

"Controls secretions of the pituitary via releasing factors (hormones)

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Stimulates growth of eggs, production of sperm and testosterone; type of gonadotropic hormone;Triggers ovulation & hormone production; promotes testosterone production

neurohypophysis

Posterior lobe; secretes OT, ADH

ovaries

releases estradiol and progesterone; female sex organ

oxytocin (OT)

Stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth and maintains labor; Causes production of milk from the mammary glands; released by posterior lobe

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

Master Gland; Pea sized gland in depression of skull

progesterone

released by ovaries; maintains pregnancy

prolactin (PRL)

"Stimulates breast development during pregnancy and sustains milk production after birth; secreted by anterior

sella turcica

depression of the bone at the base of the skull where the pituitary gland is located

sex hormones

estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone

testosterone

released by the testes; controls male sexual traits

testes

male sex organ; releases testosterone

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (thyrotropin)

"Stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland and secretion of T4 and T3; Aka: thyrotropin; anterior pituitary

acromegaly

Hypersecretion of anterior pituitary gland, gigantism

Addison disease

Adrenal cortex hyposecretion, deificienct corticoids, hyponatremia, fatigue, weight loss, weakness, low BP

adrenal virilism

Adrenal cortex hypersecretion, amenorrhea, hirsutism, acne, voice deepening

cretinism

Hypothyroidism/hyposecretion of thyroid gland, infancy and childhood, lack of normal physical and mental growth, appearance of obese/short/stocky child

Cushing syndrome

Adrenal cortex hypersecretion, obesity, moon face, thoracif fat deposition

diabetes insipidus (DI)

Hyposecretion of posterior pituitary gland, deficient ADH, polyuria and polydispa

diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 & type 2

Hyposecretion of insulin, lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch, and fat metabolism in cells (type 1 before 30 yrs, type 2 after 30 yrs)

diabetic neuropathy

nerve damage that is caused by diabetes

dwarfism

Hyposecretion of anterior pituitary galnd (panhypopituitarism), opposite of gigantism

gigantism

A condition in which the whole body or any of its parts grow much larger than normal

goiter

Enlargement of thyroid gland, lack of iodine in diet

Graves

Hyperthyroidism/hypersecretion of thyroid gland, increase in metabolism, increase in heart rate (irregular), increased body temperature, hyperactivity, weight loss, increased peristalsis

hyperinsulinism

Hypersecretion of insulin, hypoglycemia, convulsions, fainting

hyperparathyroidism

Secretion of parathyroid gland hormones is increased

hyperthyroidism

Secretion of hyroid gland hormones is increased

hypoparathyroidism

Secretion of parathyroid gland hormones is reduced

hypothyroidism

Secretion of thyroid gland hormones is reduced

ketoacidosis

when your body doesn't have enough insulin to allow blood sugar into your cells for use as energy, body produces excess blood acids (ketones) - occurs often in type 1, rarely in type 2

myxedema

Hypothyroidism/hyposecretion of thyroid gland, adulthood, dry and puffy skin, atherosclerosis, complete recovery if thyroid hormone is given soon after symptoms appear

panhypopituitarism

Secretion of pituitary gland hormones is reduced mYX

syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

Hypersecretion of posterior pituitary gland, excess ADH, excess water retention

tetany

Hypoparathyroidism/hyposecretion of parathyroid gland, muscle spasms

adrenal/o

adrenal gland

andr/o

male

calc/o

calcium

cortic/o

cortex

crin/o

secrete

dips/o

thirst

estr/o

female

gluc/o

sugar

glyc/o

sugar

gonad/o

sex gland(ovaries and testes)

home/o

sameness

hormon/o

hormone

insulin/o

insulin (pancreatic hormone)

kal/i

potassium

lact/o

milk

myx/o

mucus

natr/o

sodium

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid gland

phys/o

growing