NR 442 Quiz 1 and Exam 1 Notes from Class questions and answers + rationales for student success

What is an aggregate?

- A community compose of people who have common characteristics

What are some examples of aggregates?

- Senior citizens

- Ethnic backgrounds

- Religious organizations

What does a community of solution mean?

- Common problems that unite individuals

What must a community have in order to qualify as a community?

- Location

- Space in time

- Social system

What does a Geographic community encompass?

- Less formalized areas that lack official geopolitical boundaries

What are aspects of a health community?

- Physical environments

- Education

- Safety/ transportation

- Political government

- Health and Social services

- Communications

- Economics

- Recreation

What does the Healthy Cities and Healthy places model urge?

- Positive health changes

What does the Healthy Cities and Healthy places model stress?

- interconnectedness between people, the public, and private sectors

What is the windshield survey utilized for?

- To make organized observations of the area and it people

How might a windshield survey be performed?

- Via Driving or Walking to gain an understanding of the environmental layout

What does the Windshield survey locate?

- Environmental layout

- Geographic features

- Services

- Businesses

- Industries

What are the stages in disease history?

- Hunting and Gathering

- Settled villages

- Preindustrial cities

- Industrial cities

- Present stage

What is the definition of an Endemic?

- Diseases that are always present within the population

What is an example of an Endemic disease?

- Cold

- Pneumonia

What is the definition of an Epidemic?

- Diseases that are not always in a population but flare up on occasion

What is an example of an Epidemic?

- Diphtheria

- Measles

What is the definition of a pandemic?

- The existence of disease in a large proportion of the population

What are some types of pandemics?

- Global pandemic

What are some examples of pandemics?

- HIV

- AIDS

- Influenza type A

What is Health Visiting?

- Visiting homes to provide information to improve health

What does Upstream Thinking actions focus on?

Modification of the following precursors of poor health throughout the world:

- economic

- Political

- Environmental

What does the census tract do?

- It subdivides larger communities

What does the Census Tract facilitate?

- the organization of resident information in specific community geographic locales.

What senses does a nurse utilize in the windshield survey?

- Sight

- Sense

- Sound

What does a metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) consist of?

- central city with more than 50,000 people including the associated suburban or adjacent counties that yields a total Metropolitan area with more than 100,000 people

What forms the basis of data of the VITAL Statistics?

- Births

- Deaths

- Marriages

- Divorces

- Adoptions

What does the Community Assessment Parameter Geography influence?

- Nature of the health problems and access to health care

Why is the Community Assessment Parameter Population important?

- Describes the population served and suggests their health risks and needs

- Suggests growth or decline

- increases stress, may increase exposure to a communicable disease

Why is the Community Assessment Parameter Environment important?

- It impacts the quality of life and the nature of the environmental health problems

- Reflects community resources

- Suggests socioeconomic issues

Why is the Community Assessment Parameter Industry important?

- Impacts the social class, access to health care, and resources

- Influences nature of health problems

Why is the Community Assessment Parameter Education important?

Influences the following:

- socioeconomic status

- access to health care

- ability to read and understand health information

Why is the Community Assessment Parameter Recreation important?

Reflects the following:

- Quality of Life

- Resources available to community

- Concern for young and disadvantaged

Why is the Community Assessment Parameter Religion important?

Influences the following:

- Values in the community by organizing common interests and concerns

Reflects on the following:

- involvement of members

- Community skills

- and resources the community needs

Why is the Community Assessment Parameter Communication important?

- Reflects concerns and needs of the community

- Contains networks and resources available for health-related use

Why is the Community Assessment Parameter Transportation important?

- Affects access to services, food, and other resources

- Reflects resources available to the community

How many components are there regarding a community diagnosis?

- there are four parts

What are the four parts of the community diagnosis?

- Identification of the health problem or risk

- The Affected aggregate or community

- The Etiological or causal statement

- Evidence supporting the diagnosis

What is the template for writing a community diagnosis?

- "Increased risk of (insert disability, disease, etc) among (Insert community or population) related to (insert etiological statement) as demonstrated in (insert health indicators)."

What might health planning consist of on a community level?

- Population disease prevention

- Environmental hazard control

What is the goal of the Health Planning Model?

- aimed to improve aggregate health and applies the nursing process to the larger aggregate within the system framework

What is the definition of a key informant?

- formal or informal leader in the community who provides data that are informed by his or her personal knowledge and experience within the community

Who report vital stats?

- Local and State agencies

What does the National Center for Health Stats (NCHS) do?

- Analyze the demographic information providing descriptive information regarding the population

What is the definition of Community/ Public health nursing?

- The synthesis of nursing practice/ public health practice

What does a Community/ public health nurse focus on?

- health promotion

- health maintenance

What does a Community/ public health nurse's major goal?

- Preserve the health of the community/ surrounding populations

What does a Community/ public health nurse associated with?

- health/ identification of populations at risk rather than episodic response to patient demand

What is Public health described as?

Described as the art and science of:

- Preventing disease

- Prolonging life

- Promoting health through organized community efforts to benefit each citizen

how does public health promote health?

- through organized community efforts to benefit each citizen

Why is community health important?

- Because it is cost effective.

What does Community health decrease the risk of?

- Nosocomial infections via allowing individual patients to stay within their own home

How does community health impact patient satisfaction?

- in causes an increase in patient satisfaction

What is the Public health mission?

- Social justice via entitling all people to basic necessities

What are some examples of basic necessities that public health strives to achieve for everyone?

- adequate income

- adequate health protection

- accepts collective burdens to make this all possible

What is the definition of a community?

- A collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interests or characteristics form a basis for a sense of unity and belonging

What does a community consist of?

- Common values

- Common morals

- Common interests

What is an example of a community of solution?

- Alcoholics anonymous groups

- Drug addiction groups

What are some influences on health in a community?

- Living arrangements

- Work/ School environments

- Environments

- Societal/ Environmental changes

- Lifestyle changes

- Genetics

What are the three levels of prevention?

- Primary

- Secondary

- Tertiary

What is the overall goal of Primary prevention?

- The prevention of problems before they occur

- Health promotion/ Health protection

What are some examples of Primary Prevention?

- Vaccinations

What is the overall goal of Secondary prevention?

- Early Detection/ intervention

- Early diagnosis AND TREATMENT

What are some screening examples that qualify as Secondary Prevention?

- Mammogram

- PSA tests

- Scoliosis tests

- Hearing screening

What are some early treatments that qualify as Secondary Prevention?

- Biopsy

- Lumpectomy

- Early chemotherapy agents

What is the goals of tertiary prevention?

- Correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease rate

- limitations of disability nd rehabilitation

Which level of prevention is the most expensive?

- Tertiary prevention

What qualities as primary prevention on a community level?

- Adding Fluoride water supplements

- Environmental sanitation

- Removal of environmental waste

How does cures impact the community?

- Does little to improve the health of the entire population

How does prevention impact the community?

- improves health

- decreases money needed for a cure

- Causes a decrease in illness/ cost

What is the overall goal of Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

- Reduced premium costs for millions for working families and small businesses by providing tax relief

- Capped out-of-pocket expenses

What is the primary nurses role in community health nursing?

- Advocacy!

How did the ACA impact preventive care?

- it made it so that individuals did not have to pay for preventive care

What is population-focused nursing based on?

- the assessment of the population's health status and emphasizes all levels of prevention

What does Health Disparity mean?

- A particular type of health difference that is closely linked to one of the following: Social, Economical, and/or Environmental disadvantages

What are three aspects that qualify as a Health Disparity disadvantage?

- Social

- Economic

- Environmental

What is the key factor pertaining to health care reform efforts?

- Lack of health insurance

How does A Lack of Health insurance impact the population?

- It damages the populations health

Why does a Lack of Health insurance cause damage to the populations health?

- Uninsured individuals are less likely to receive timely primary health care and preventive dental care

What is a Phenomenological community?

- Man-made boundaries including cities, states, and nations

What are the two types of communities?

- Geopolitical

- Phenomenological

What does ANA stand for?

- American Nurses Association

What does the ANA promote?

- Safe/ Ethical Work environments

- High standards of nursing practice

What does the ANA Advocate for?

- Health care issues that affect nurses and the public

What is the definition of an outbreak?

- An unexpected occurrence of an infectious disease in a limited geographic area during a limited period of time

When did Florence Nightingale do most of her work?

- During the Crimean

What is Florence Nightingale credited with establishing?

- Modern Nursing

What emphasis did Florence Nightingale emphasize?

- Sanitation

- Community Assessment/ Analysis

What did Florence Nightingale believe about education?

- Believed in an education reform for nursing

What did Lillian Wald establish?

- House on Henry Street in 1893

Who assisted Lillian Wald in establishing the House on Henry street?

- Mary Brewster

What did Lillian Wald play a key role in establishing?

- Public Health Nursing in the United States

What was the Role of the House on Henry Street Settlement?

- One of helping people to help themselves

What did Lillian Wald's efforts aid in establishing later?

- Social Security Legislation

- The Children's Bureau

What is Linda Rogers credited for?

- Becoming the first School Nurse

Who Founded the American Red Cross?

- Clara Barton

What is Sojourner Truth known for?

- Fighting for Women and African Americans Equality

What is Margaret Sanger known for?

- The Creation of Planned Parenthood

What events occurred in the 1913 that qualifies as great healthcare accomplishments in the 20th century?

- Fist Bureau of Public Health Nursing formed in LA

- First Public Health Nurse appointed

What was the role of school nurses in the 1913s?

- Performing physical assessments

- Treatment of minor infections

- Taught health to Parents/ Students

When was Home Nursing implemented?

- 1909