Ethics, Attitude, and Aptitude 08- Key Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes on attitude, social influence, persuasion, and aptitude-related concepts.

Attitude

The mindset or disposition that shapes how a person perceives, responds to, and behaves in various situations; it is not inherently negative and is considered a neutral concept in this context.

Social Influence

Ways in which individuals change their behavior to meet the demands of a social environment, ranging from direct orders to subtle peer cues.

Conformity

A form of social influence where individuals adjust their behavior to align with group norms or expectations.

Social Pressure

Coercive or subtle pressure from others that influences decisions or actions.

Social Comparison

Evaluating oneself by comparing with others to gauge beliefs, opinions, and behavior.

Social Approval

Modifying behavior to gain acceptance or positive regard from others.

Obedience

Following orders or directions from an authority figure, sometimes despite personal beliefs.

Compliance

Agreeing to a request or following a directive.

Foot in the Door Technique

A persuasion tactic where a small initial request makes a larger request more likely to be accepted later.

Door in the Face Technique

A persuasion tactic where a large, likely-denied request is followed by a smaller, more reasonable request.

Low-Ball Technique

Securing agreement to a request and then increasing its size or adding hidden costs after commitment.

Reciprocity

The social obligation to return a favor or kindness.”

Social Proof

The tendency to adopt the actions of others under the assumption that those actions reflect correct behavior.

Authority (Ethos)

A mode of persuasion based on the speaker’s credibility, character, and authority.

Pathos

Emotional appeal used to persuade by stirring feelings such as fear, happiness, or empathy.

Logos

Rational appeal based on facts, statistics, and logical argument.

Persuasion

The art of influencing beliefs, attitudes, intentions, or behaviors through communication.

Policy Implementation

Using persuasion and social influence to encourage the adoption or execution of public policies.

Behavioral Change

Shifts in beliefs or actions brought about by targeted messaging and social influence.

Conflict Resolution

Persuasive techniques used to resolve disputes and foster cooperation among stakeholders.

Participation

Encouraging citizens to engage in governance and public programs.

Credibility (Ethos)

Trustworthiness and reliability of the speaker, a key factor in persuasive appeals.

Intelligence

General mental ability to learn, analyze, and solve problems; broader than aptitude.

Aptitude

Natural or inherent ability to learn and excel in specific tasks; partly genetic, partly environmental.

Ability

Current capability to perform a task; can be developed or enhanced with practice.

Skill

A learned ability developed through practice and training; mastery through deliberate effort.

General Learning Capacity

Ability to learn new things quickly across domains.

Verbal Aptitude

Language-related abilities including speaking, writing, and effective communication.

Numerical Aptitude

Facility with numbers, math, and data analysis.

Form Perception

Ability to visualize and recognize objects even when partially hidden or rotated.

Reasoning Aptitude

Logical problem-solving ability and the capacity to deduce solutions.

Blood Relations (Reasoning)

A common reasoning topic involving family relationships used in tests.

Visual Memory

Ability to recall images and patterns after viewing them.

Creativity

Ability to generate new, innovative ideas and solutions.

Finger Dexterity

Fine motor control for precise tasks like typing, knitting, or small manipulations.

Aptitude Realization

Process to identify strengths, commit to developing them, and align with environment for realization.

Interest vs Aptitude

Interest is what you enjoy; aptitude is your potential to excel given appropriate training.

Passion

Deep, enduring liking that fuels aptitude and sustained engagement, often not perfectly aligned with skill level.

Kaizen

Philosophy of continuous, incremental, lifelong learning and improvement.

Deliberate Practice

Focused, goal-driven practice aimed at reducing errors and improving performance.

Environment Alignment

Ensuring socio-economic and cultural conditions support the development and nurturing of aptitude.

Nature vs. Nurture

The debate on how much genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) contribute to aptitude; research suggests substantial roles for both.

Aptitude Realization (Steps)

Identification of strengths, commitment to develop them, and alignment with one's environment for success.

Attitude vs Aptitude

Attitude is mindset and response patterns; aptitude is the potential to learn/perform; both influence success.

Integrity

Adhering to moral and ethical principles; doing the right thing even when not observed.

Crisis of Conscience

A moral dilemma where one must choose between ethical principles and convenient or external pressures.

Ethical Dilemma

A situation involving conflicting moral principles that require a difficult judgment.