basic jailer's license TEEX exam | 312 Professor Verified Questions & Answers + Rationales ( DOWNLOAD TO PASS )

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312 Terms

1
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An inmate supervision management style in which jailer(s) are stationed inside a housing unit 24 hours per day is the definition of _______________

a.indirect supervision

b.direct supervision

c.simulatneous supervision

d.inmate supervision

Direct supervision

2
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It is important to inform bonding agents of any conditions, to include ___________________

a.immigration and customs enforcement holds

b.domestic violence holds

c.parole violations

d.a and b

e.all of the above

all of the above

3
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Which of the following is a statutory right that could be denied through disciplinary process?

a.Right to equal treatment

b.Right to access mail

c.Right to adequate medical care

d.Right to visitation

e.Freedom from corporal punishment

right to visitation

4
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Staff-to-inmate ratio in a correctional setting is at most ___________.

1:48

5
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Those holding a Basic Peace Officer Certificate are required to complete Cultural Diversity, Special Investigative Topics, and ________________

Crisis Intervention Training

6
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Basic county corrections licensees must notify TCOLE if they ___________.

a.receive a dishonorable military discharge

b.are arrested on Class C misdemeanor charges

c.have name and address changes

d.all of the above

All of the above

7
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If a TCOLE licensee has not been commissioned for more than two years, and has not met continuing education requirements during that time, his or her license is considered to be inactive. This means ___________.

a.the licensee must meet current standards and pass the current licensing exam

b.the licensee must get a new endorsement for retraining, complete new training, and pass the current licensing exam

c.the licensee must complete new training and pass the current licensing exam

d.the licensee must formally request reactivation from TCOLE

the licensee must meet current standards and pass the current licensing exam

8
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TCOLE sets minimum standards for all of the following groups, except ______

a.emergency communications personnel

b.peace officers, reserve peace officers, and county jailers

c.emergency medical technicians

d.law enforcement instructors

Emergency medical technicians

9
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The Texas Commission on Jail Standards is charged for writing rules and procedures to establish minimum standards for which of the following?

a.Inspection procedures

b.Technical assistance for the construction of jail facilities

c.Treatments of inmates

d.Rehabilitation, education, and recreation programs for inmates

e.All of the above

All of the above

10
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The ___________ jail design has more physical barriers than the podular direct design

Podular indirect

11
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The Occupations Code provides the statutory authority for ___________ to establish rules that law enforcement agencies and corrections officers must follow

a.the State of Texas

b.TCLEDDS

c.TCJS

d.TCOLE

TCOLE

12
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Which of the following forms relates to the psychiatric health of a licensee?

L3

13
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The statutory authority for the Commission to establish rules that law enforcement agencies and corrections officers must follow is the ___________.

a.Occupations Code

b.Education Code

c.Penal Code

d.Life Safety Codes

Occupations Code

14
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Which chapter of the Texas Administrative Code Part 7 lists the requirements for inclusion on the Memorial Monument?

a.217

b.223

c.227

d.229

229

15
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TCOLE licensees working as a corrections officer are required to complete continuing education at least once every ___

4 years

16
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Which of the following descriptions relates to F5 Form?

Separation of licensee

17
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Individuals first licensed after January 1, 2011 must complete Basic Human Trafficking course within how many years of licensure?

a.One

b.Two

c.Three

d.Four

One

18
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T/F: TCOLE is responsible for implementing curriculum, prosecuting officer violations, and maintaining the officer assistance system.

False

19
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Who has the burden of proof in the administrative court proceeding related to contesting a termination report?

Chief administrative officer

20
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An inmate supervision management style in which jailer(s) are stationed outside a housing unit is the definition of _______________.

a.indirect supervision

b.direct supervision

c.simulatneous supervision

d.inmate supervision

Indirect supervision

21
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List the three primary jail concepts in Texas.

Linear

podular indirect

podular direct

22
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___________ is the regulatory agency for all county jails and privately operated municipal jails in the State of Texas.

a.TCJS

b.TCOLE

c.TXOC

d.CALEA

TCJS

23
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The written petition for contesting information in termination report must be received within ________________.

a.15 days

b.30 days

c.60 days

d.90 days

30 days

24
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Which of the following descriptions relates to L2 Form?

Medical condition declaration

25
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The ___________ jail design impedes surveillance and requires a greater number of staff to provide adequate surveillance.

a.linear

b.direct supervision

c.podular direct

d.podular indirect

Linear

26
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There are two _______ month periods in the training cycle

a.6

b.12

c.24

d.48

24

27
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The two primary supervision styles utilized in jails include _________________ and ________________.

direct/indirect

28
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The National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial is updated how often?

Each spring

29
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Corrections officers are responsible for ___________ safety?

a. inmate

b.Staff

c.The public

d.a and b

Staff and inmate

30
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___________ rules are created to establish minimum standards relating to training and licensing, as well as to require the submission of reports and other information needed by the agency.

a.TCJS

b.MISL

c.MTIS

d.TCOLE

TCOLE

31
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Which of the following forms relates to the appointment of a licensee?

L1

32
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The ___________ jail design focuses on enhancing interaction between staff and inmates and on making the staff-inmate ratio more cost-effective.

a.podular direct

b.direct podular

c.intermittent

d.remote

Direct Podular

33
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If a TCOLE licensee has not been commissioned for more than two years, and has not met continuing education requirements during that time, his or her license is considered to be inactive. This means ___________

a.the licensee must formally request reactivation from TCOLE

b.the licensee must get a new endorsement for retraining, complete new training, and pass the current licensing exam

c.the licensee must complete new training and pass the current licensing exam

d.the licensee must meet current standards and pass the current licensing exam

The licensee must meet current standards and pass the current licensing exam

34
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All of the following are techniques to manage your stress levels except ____________________.

a.attitude towards your job

b.self-concept

c.ability to laugh at others

d.attitude toward those you encounter on the job

Ability to laugh at others

35
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Members of this group generally have common ancestry and share cultural patterns.

a.race

b.gang

c.culture

d.ethnicity

ethnicity

36
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T/F: The principal focus of ethics is moral problems, as opposed to the formation of habits of good character.

False

37
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Which of the following are manipulative tactics used by inmates?

a.False sympathy

b.Coercion and Intimidation

c.Connection

d.All of the above

All of the above

38
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Statements such as "all blonds are stupid" or "all Mexicans are lazy" are examples of which of the following?

a.Ethnocentrism

b.Stereotyping

c.Scapegoating

d.Racial discrimination

Stereotyping

39
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Regarding one's culture as the center of the universe is the definition of ___________.

a.prejudice

b.ethnocentrism

c.race

d.scapegoating

ethnocentrism

40
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Which of the following are basic beliefs or attitudes harbored by most prejudiced persons?

a.Feeling of superiority

b.Others are strange and different

c.Proprietary claims

d.Fear

e.All of the above

all of the above

41
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Which of the following is NOT a reason for inmates to play games?

a.Inactivity/boredom

b.Rapport/morale

c.Status/reputation

d.Position/privilege

Rapport/morale

42
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The three phases of the set-up are observatoin and selection, _________, and compromised.

a.proposition

b.suggestion

c.grapple

d.hooks

Hooks

43
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Of the following, which is NOT one of the five principles of public service?

a.detention

b.accountability

c.democracy

d.respectability

Detention

44
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Which Chapter of the Penal Code concerns Official Oppression/Sexual Harassment?

a.Ch. 37

b.Ch. 38

c.Ch. 39

d.Ch. 40

CH. 39

45
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Which is NOT one of the three parts of communication?

a.destination

b.source/sender

c.information

d.recipient

Destination

46
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If a jailer is trusting and familiar with the inmates, the inmates will place this jailer in the _________ category.

Soft

47
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___________ are any person(s), organization, or entity that may be affected by what you do.

Stakeholders

48
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Which is NOT one of the three components of communication?

a.Body language (How I show it)

b.Listening (Hearing)

c.Speaking (What I say)

d.Interpretation (How you look at it)

Interpretation, how you look at it.

49
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The staff is able to control the jail climate with all of the following, except ___________.

a.authoritarian demeanor

b.visitation/recreation

c.clean living conditions/ quality food

d.adequate medical care

authoritarian demeanor

50
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T/F: Mental relaxation techniques include reducing conflict, managing anger, changing personality traits, building supportive interpersonal systems, and seeking professional counseling

False

51
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A belief that a person/group is entitled to exclusive rights to due to membership in a group is ___________.

Select one:

a.superiority

b.proprietary projection

c.proprietary claims

d.entitlement

Proprietary claims

52
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As a corrections officer, which of the following guidelines should you keep in mind to avoid the misuse of official powers?

Select one:

a.Do not use government facilities or personnel for any purpose other than public interest

b.Do not accept any personal benefit other than official pay

c.Make decisions based on merits, free of personal bias or prejudice

d.When a decision brings about a real or apparent conflict of interest, withdraw from the matter (when possible)

e.All of the above

All of the above

53
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Which of the following are hooks?

Select one:

a.We/They Syndrome

b.Plea for mercy

c.The Touch System

d.A and B

e.A and C

we/they syndrome

The touch system

54
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Which of the following generally refers to groups of people with common ancestry and physical characteristics?.

a.Race

b.Culture

c.Ethnocentrism

d.Ethnicity

Race

55
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T/F Law enforcement personnel are one of the most likely groups to seek help for PTSD

False

56
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Victims are selected on the basis of __________________.

a.personality traits

b.sexual orientation

c.emotional connections

d.status among inmates

personality traits

57
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Public servants are expected to abide by standards of conduct established by ___________.

a.Federal government, Texas Legislature, and departmental policies

b.Texas Legislature and county regulations

c.Government and Employer

d.County regulations and departmental policies

Federal government, Texas Legislature, and departmental policies

58
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Accountability, one of the five principles of public service, stands for which of the following?

a.Decisions are made free of partiality or prejudice

b.Honor and respect democratic principles

c.Improved jail climates

d.Public office is to be used only to advance public interests

e.Government is to be conducted openly, efficiently, and honorable

Government is to be conducted openly, efficiently, and honorable

59
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______________ techniques include deep breathing, deep muscle relaxation, and passive relaxation.

Physical relaxation

60
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Which of the following is described as an organized and relatively unchanging combination of personal knowledge and feelings about someone or something that influences him/her to behave in a certain way in regard to that person or thing?

a.Ethnicity

b.Race

c.Culture

d.Attitude

Attitude

61
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Which of the following is NOT a misconception about ethics

a.Ethic concerned people are just "holier-than-thou"

b.Good people do not need to worry about ethics

c.Ethical beliefs will affect behavior

d.Idealism is incompatible with realism

Ethical beliefs will affect behavior

62
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If a public servant, under color of law of the office, intentionally subjects another to mistreatment, what offense is committed?

a.Abuse of Official Capacity

b.Official Oppression

c.Abuse of Position

d.Improper Influence

Official Oppression

63
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Stress can cause physical illnesses, burnout, excessive disability retirement, and impaired ___________.

family relationships

64
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T/F Race, gender, age, personal preferences, sexual orientation, and national affiliation can be forms of prejudice.

True

65
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Which of the following are examples of unethical behavior?

a.Lying

b.Sexual harassment

c.Cultural insensitivity

d.Abuse of position

e.All of the above

all of the above

66
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Standards of conduct for state employees were established by the Texas Legislature and are found in the ___________.

a.Occupations Code Ch. 1701

b.Business Code Ch. 247

c.Government Code Ch. 572

d.Both a and c

67
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The three componenets of the Compromised phase of the set-up are ___________, The Lever, and The Sting.

a.The Wish List

b.The To-Do List

c.The Shopping List

d.The Friends List

the shopping list

68
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an officer may experience stress from which of the following sources?

a.role-related sources

b.outside the system

c.work-related sources

d.the organization

e.all of the above

all of the above

69
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Which of the following is not a contributing factor of stress for jailers?

a.Inmate assaults

b.The decreased jail population count

c.The jail organization itself

d.Supervising individuals who do not want to be confined

The decreased jail population count

70
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The ability to effectively and accurately transfer ideas or information is the definition of ___________.

a.documentation

b.commencement

c.communication

d.computation

communication

71
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T/F An individual who expresses disparaging remarks or inappropriate jokes directed to an individual who is regarded as inferior is exhibiting the belief that others are strange and different.

False

72
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Sources of officer's stress can be organizational, role-related, work-related, and stress from ______________________.

a.other correctional officers

b.outside the system

c.insomnia

d.attitudes

outside the system

73
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A __________ will be selected from the inmates with similar personality traits to the identifed jailer in order to "befriend" the jailer.

a.turner

b.flipper

c.nudger

d.prodder

Turner

74
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The "turner" will ask the victim for a small item of contraband. This request is known as the _______ and _______.

a.hook/sinker

b.line/hook

c.line/sinker

d.bait/switch

75
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What are warning signs that inmates are attempting to set-up a jailer?

a.Asking for special favors

b.Offering gifts

c.Improperly touching

d.Trying to develop a personal relationship

e.All of the above

all of the following

76
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Sources of officer's stress can be organizational, role-related, work-related, and stress from _____________________

a.other correctional officers

b.outside the system

c.insomnia

d.attitudes

outside the system

77
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Which of the following is NOT an effect of improved staff-inmate relations?

a.Good rapport

b.Fewer disciplinary actions

c.Improved morale

d."Firm but fair" conduct

78
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Understaffing, rotating shifts, supervisor demands, and overtime are all examples of ___________ sources of stress?

a.internal

b.systemic

c.work-related

d.organizational

Organizational

79
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Impartiality requires that no person be treated ___________.

a.unjustly, unfairly, with prejudice

b.equally

c.unfairly, unjustly, without empathy

d.harshly or with insensitivities

unjustly, unfairly, with prejudice

80
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A.C.T. stands for ___________.

a.Alternatives, Consequences, Tell Your Story

b.Accountability, Caring, Trustworthiness

c.Accountability, Character, Tradition

d.Availability, Communication, Trust

Alternatives, consequences, tell your story.

81
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___________ is, among other things, a set of rules and standards that governs individual conduct.

a.Morals

b.Conscience

c.Behavioral conduct

d.Ethics

ethics

82
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Which of the following is the first step to maintain your professional behavior during a sensitive situation?

a.Gather information about the person(s)

b.Be sensitive

c.Tolerate differences

d.Be non-judgmental

83
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Custody reassessment review is conducted within which timeframe of the initial assessment?

a.10 to 20 days

b.20 to 40 days

c.30 to 60 days

d.30 to 90 days

30 to 90 days

84
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The custody level for inmates with felony offenses, who possess a moderate level of criminal sophistication and who have not demonstrated a propensity for violence in an institutional setting, is a ___________ custody level.

a.maximum

b.medium

c.minimum

d.federal and TDCJ inmates

medium

85
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All of the following are factors which may impact housing decisions except ____________________.

a.escape threat and assaultive

b.medical

c.religious beliefs

d.suicidal and disabilities

religious beliefs

86
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A trustee assignment is voluntary and must meet the requirements of which rules and procedures?

a.TCJS Rule 289

b.Criminal Procedures Chapters 42

c.Criminal Procedures Chapters 43

d.a and c

e.All of the above

all of the above

87
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During intake inventory, you should never refer to ___________ or ___________, by proper names in the description as those are among the most disputed items when it comes to civil liability claims.

a.precious metals/gems

b.brooches/pins

c.watches/pocket watches

d.necklaces/pendants

a.precious metals/gems

88
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___________ states that in the event that an inmate refuses to sign a property receipt, it should be witness and documented by another officer.

a.TCJS 271.1 Inmate Property Checking

b.TCJS 265.4 Inmate Property Checking

c.TCJS 265.5 Inmate Property Checking

d.TCJS 265.10 Inmate Property Checking

e.TCJS 291.1 Inmate Property Checking

TCJS 265.10 Inmate Property Checking

89
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A report form that documents an agency's authority to retain a person in custody pending a fulfillment of a legal obligation or transfer to another jurisdiction is a ___________.

a.warrant

b.capias

c.retainer

d.detainer

detainer

90
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An objective jail classification system has all of the following essential components, except ___________

a.classification instruments

b.documentation of the number of officers staffing the classification area per shift

c.appropriate overrides and periodic formal evaluation

d.sufficient staff trained and a housing plan consistent with the classification system

.documentation of the number of officers staffing the classification area per shift

91
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Of the two dominant approaches to objective classification, in which one is there high precision and little ambiguity in the meaning of each category?

a.point-additive

b.decision tree

c.administrative segregation

d.custody level evaluation

decision tree

92
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After a property receipt has been signed, it should be routed and kept in ___________. -

a.the department's logs

b.the bag with the property

c.the inmate's file

d.all of the above

inmates file

93
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When describing an inmate's watch during intake inventory, which of the following characteristic should you NOT include in your report?

a.Color or metal/material

b.Estimated value

c.Engravings/inscriptions

d.Brand/make

b.Estimated value

94
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Initial custody assessment is completed on newly admitted inmates prior to housing to ___________.

a.determine custody levels

b.identify special needs

c.assess medical and mental health

d.determines qualifications for work programs

determine custody levels

95
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An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge of or examination of the facts is __________

a.prejudice

b.predetermination

c.attitude

d.discrimination

96
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A ___________ is an order signed by a magistrate directing a sheriff to receive and place in jail a person so committed.

a.commitment

b.warrant

c.booking slip

d.writ

commitment

97
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During booking, you should be checking which network information for a possible existence of inmate's wants and warrants?

a.TCIC

b.NCIC

c.TCJS

d.a and b

e.None of the above

TCIC & NCIC

98
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Which TCJS rule states that an intake screening form must be completed on all inmates immediately upon admission to the facility?

a.TCJS 251.1

b.TCJS 273.5

c.TCJS 251.5

d.TCJS 273.1

TCJS 273.5

99
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The custody level for inmates confined for lesser offenses, who possess a lower level of criminal sophistication and who have not demonstrated a propensity for violence in an institutional setting, is a ___________ custody level.

a.maximum

b.medium

c.minimum

d.federal and TDCJ inmates

mimimum

100
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T/F A custody reassessment or review is necessary to allow for changes over time in inmates' legal status and any disciplinary actions.

True

Explore top notes

Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 490d ago
note Note
Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 490d ago
note Note

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