CHEM 107 FINAL EXAM REVIEW.

Forensic science is the application of science to:

A. Civil laws only.

B. Both criminal and civil laws.

C. Criminal laws only.

D. Crime scene reconstruction.

E. Investigations.

Both criminal and civil laws.

The exchange of evidence principle was theorized by:

A. Holmes.

B. Gross.

C. Galton.

D. Osborn.

E. Locard.

Locard.

In the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court advocated that a "gatekeeper" determines the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence. This gatekeeper is the:

A. Supreme Court.

B. Expert witness.

C. Prosecutor.

D. Jury.

E. Trial judge.

Trial Judge.

What is the LEAST important consideration in the gathering of evidence at a crime scene?

A. Adequate preservation of samples

B. Guilt of the suspect(s)

C. Competent collection of materials

D. Proper recognition of the evidence

E. Maintaining chain of custody.

Guilt of the suspect(s).

Police barricades, and the strategic positioning of guards, will prohibit access to the crime scene by:

A. Civilians only.

B. All unauthorized personnel.

C. Media personnel.

D. Emergency medical personnel.

E. All law enforcement personnel.

All unathorized personnel.

The purpose of the crime scene search is to locate:

A. DNA-containing evidence.

B. Fingerprint evidence.

C. Bloodstain patterns.

D. All physical evidence.

E. Weapons.

All physical evidence.

The most basic methods of crime scene recording do NOT include:

A. Note-taking.

B. Infrared analysis.

C. Photographs.

D. Narrated videotapes.

E. Rough sketch.

Infrared Analysis.

The successful outcome of a criminal investigation is almost always directly related to:

A. The number of people employed in the crime lab.

B. The volume of the physical evidence collected.term-7

C. The manner in which the evidence is collected and preserved.

D. Whether the crime is considered high-profile.

E. The level of funding by the region

The manner in which the evidence is collected and preserved.

Physical evidence can be used to exonerate or exclude a person from suspicion if:

A. It is collected in accordance with the Fourth Amendment.

B. The standard reference sample (control) from the person does not share characteristics with evidence at the crime scene.

C. It does not have a well-documented chain of custody.

D. Evidence taken from the suspect is obtained voluntarily.

E. A different person admits to the crime.

The standard reference sample (control) from the person does not share characteristics with evidence at the crime scene.

When a forensic analyst determines the chemical composition of preparations that may contain illicit drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or barbiturates, this is an example of:

A. Classification.

B. Comparison.

C. Identification.

D. Individualization.

E. Toxicology.

Identification.

Paint chips, random glass fragments, and synthetic fibers all exhibit:

A. Natural characteristics.

B. Identification characteristics.

C. Class characteristics.

D. Individual characteristics.

E. Comparison characteristics.

Class Characteristics.

Multiplying together the frequencies of independently occurring factors is called the:

A. Product rule.

B. Multiplication rule.

C. Frequency rule.

D. Factor rule.

E. Probability rule.

Product rule.

A computerized archive of information relating to a specific type of physical evidence is a(n):

A. Identification database.

B. Forensic database.

C. Evidence database.

D. Information database.

E. Comparison database.

Forensic database.

The pointed end of a bloodstain always faces:

A. Opposite its direction of travel.

B. Toward the direction from which the force came.

C. Toward the position of the blood source.

D. Its direction of travel.

E. Towards the victim.

It's direction of travel.

The intersection of straight lines through the long axis of several individual bloodstains in an impact spatter pattern illustrates the ________ of the pattern.

A. Area of origin

B. Void pattern

C. Velocity classification

D. Area of convergence

E. Direction of attack.

Area of Convergence.

Which weapon would create cast-off patterns consisting of small droplets in a linear pattern?

A. Knife

B. Bullet

C. Baseball bat

D. Golf club

E. Hammer

Knife.

Characteristic markings on the skin caused from the discharge of a firearm is known as:

A. Tattooing.

B. Gunshot residue.

C. Staining.

D. Stippling.

E. Petechiae.

Stippling.

A corpse was discovered in an apartment last November. It was that of a 50-year-old male who died of a heart attack. At the time of discovery, the body temperature was determined to be 31.6°C. What is the most probable postmortem interval?

A. 1 hours

B. 7 hours

C. 5 hours

D. 2 hours

E. 12 hours

7 hours.

What requirement must a medical examiner possess?

A. Elected position

B. Medical degree

C. Mortuary license

D. Any bachelor's degree

E. Forensic science degree

Medical Degree.

According to forensic entomologists, which "witness" is the first to arrive at the crime scene?

A. Carrion beetle

B. Mite

C. Earwigs

D. Spider

E. Blowfly

Blowfly.

Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical fingerprints?

A. Identical twins

B. None to date

C. Conjoined twins

D. Fraternal twins

E. A Genetic Clone

None to date.

What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the same?

A. 5

B. 12

C. 25

D. 150

E. No minimum exists

No minimum exists.

Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to as:

A. Open.

B. Latent.

C. Plastic.

D. Patent.

E. Invisible.

Latent.

In the Primary Classification System, a finger is assigned a numerical value if its pattern is a(n):

A. Arch.

B. Whorl.

C. Loop.

D. Ulnar loop.

E. Delta.

Whorl.

Which of the following is not considered a behavioral biometric?

A. Handwriting

B. Facial scan

C. Keystroke patterns

D. Gait recognition

E. Keyboard dynamics

Facial Scan.

The reason grooves are rifled into the bore of a gun is so that a:

A. Bullet moving through will have unique striations.

B. Bullet will be made to spin and have a true and accurate course on leaving the barrel.

C. Manufacturer can put its unique mark on its product.

D. Bullet will be reduced in size before it exits the gun.

E. To hold the bullet in the breech of the rifle.

Bullet will be made to spin and have a true and accurate course on leaving the barrel.

Discharged bullets collected as evidence must be carefully handled to avoid damage to the:

A. Manufacturer's imprint.

B. Caliber markings.

C. Striation markings.

D. Ejection pattern.

E. Primer.

Striation markings.

Which of the following results is NOT possible from a laboratory examination of firearm evidence?

A. Determining that two or more cartridge cases were fired from the same weapon.

B. Determining how far from the victim the weapon was held.

C. Identifying a bullet as having been combined with a particular shell prior to being discharged.

D. Restoring serial numbers ground off the weapon.

E. Determining the manufacturer of the weapon.

Identifying a bullet as having been combined with a particular shell prior to being discharged.

If an object is immersed in a liquid of greater density, it will:

A. Dissolve.

B. Float.

C. Sink.

D. Be suspended for a known period of time before sinking.

E. Become invisible.

Float.

The two most important physical properties of glass for forensic comparisons are:

A. Color and density.

B. Weight and density.

C. Refractive index and density.

D. Refractive index and weight.

E. Density and chemical composition.

Refractive index and density.

The refractive index of a medium is determined by the ratio of:

A. Density of light in the medium to density of light in a vacuum.

B. Frequency of light in a vacuum to frequency of light in a medium.

C. Velocity of light in a vacuum to velocity of light in a medium.

D. Velocity of light in a vacuum to frequency of light in a medium.

E. The angle of light entering a medium to the angle of light emerging from a medium.

Velocity of light in a vacuum to velocity of light in a medium.

Which statement about the fracturing of glass is true?

A. Radial cracks appear first, starting on the same side as the destructive force.

B. Concentric fractures form first, starting on the side opposite the destructive force.

C. Radial cracks appear first, starting on the side opposite the destructive force.

D. Concentric fractures form first, starting on the same side as the destructive force.

E. Radial and concentric fractures form simultaneously, but on opposite sides of the glass.

Radial cracks appear first, starting on the side opposite the destructive force.

The central canal running through many hairs is known as the:

A. Shaft.

B. Medulla.

C. Cuticle.

D. Cortex.

E. Follicle.

Medulla.

The medulla pattern in the image may be classified as being:

A. Lattice.

B. Ladder.

C. Globular.

D. Discontinuous.

E. Aeroform

Discontinuous.

In determining whether a hair sample originated from a male or a female, the MOST important consideration is:

A. Whether the hair is bleached.

B. Whether the hair was dyed.

C. The results of DNA analysis performed on the root structure.

D. The length of the hair.

E. The shaft is round or oval.

The results of DNA analysis performed on the root structure.

By far the most prevalent plant fiber is:

A. Silk.

B. Wool.

C. Kapok.

D. Linen.

E. Cotton.

Cotton.

What is the minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce enough vapor to burn?

A. Flash point

B. Critical temperature

C. Ignition temperature

D. Sublimation temperature

E. Combustion temperature.

Flash point

What is the most common container used to collect fire debris evidence?

A. A paper bag.

B. A plastic bag.

C. An unlined paint can.

D. Aluminum foil.

E. A glass jar.

An unlined paint can.

Which is NOT true about primary explosives?

A. They will detonate violently.

B. They are very stable.

C. Lead azide and lead styphnate are examples.

D. They are used to detonate high explosives.

E. They can be detected by the presence of heavy metals.

They are very stable.

Which are the common chemical components of black powder?

A. Aluminum, potassium nitrate, nitrocellulose

B. Sulfur, carbon, nitrogen

C. Charcoal, sulfur, potassium nitrate

D. Carbon, nitrocellulose, potassium chlorate

E. Black pepper, hydrogen peroxide, sugar

Charcoal, sulfur, potassium nitrate

Use of which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to lead to a psychological dependence?

A. Heroin

B. Cocaine

C. Codeine

D. Alcohol

E. Amphetamines

Codeine

Most narcotics are:

A. Physically addicting.

B. Analgesics.

C. Depressants to the central nervous system.

D. Obtained from opium.

E. All of the above

All of the above

Which is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States today?

A. Heroin

B. Marijuana

C. Alcohol

D. Cocaine

E. Fentanyl

Marijuana

Methamphetamine is a:

A. Tranquilizer.

B. Depressant.

C. Hallucinogen.

D. Analgesic

E. Stimulant.

Stimulant

The Marquis reagent was used on drug evidence and it turned purple. The drug being tested could be:

A. Heroin

B. Cocaine

C. Methamphetamines

D. Bath salts

E. Marijuana

Heroin

A breath test reflects the alcohol concentration in the:

A. Stomach

B. Pulmonary artery

C. Cerebellum

D. Pulmonary vein

E. Small Intestine

Pulmonary artery

Upon entering the bloodstream, heroin is almost immediately metabolized into:

A. Opium

B. Cocaine

C. Procaine

D. Methadone

E. Morphine

Morphine

The presence of high levels of carbon monoxide in the blood of a victim found at the scene of a suspicious fire is proof that the victim:

A. Was the arsonist.

B. Died of natural causes.

C. Died before the fire started.

D. Died elsewhere and was brought to the fire scene after death.

E. Died after the fire started.

Died after the fire started

The blood alcohol concentration level for being presumed to be legally "under the influence" in South Carolina is:

A. 0.15 percent

B. 0.10 percent

C. 0.08 percent

D. 0.05 percent

E. 0.04 percent

0.08 percent

In forensic toxicology, all positive drug findings must be confirmed by a specific chemical test. The confirmation test of choice is:

A. Thin layer chromatography

B. Infrared spectrophotometry

C. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry

D. Marquis test

E. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Type AB blood contains:

A. Anti-A antibodies and B antigens.

B. Anti-A antigens and anti-B antibodies.

C. Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

D. Both A and B antigens.

E. A Antigens and anti-B antibodies.

Both A and B antigens

PSA (p30) is a:

A. Protein specific to females.

B. Blood enzyme used to discriminate bloodstains.

C. Polymorphic enzyme found in red blood cells.

D. Gene used to regulate metabolism.

E. Protein found in seminal plasma.

Protein found in seminal plasma

Luminol can be used at crime scenes to:

A. Detect traces of blood without compromising potential DNA typing.

B. Make hair evidence fluoresce.

C. Locate latent prints that otherwise would be overlooked.

D. Light up the crime scene with a high degree of illumination.

E. Detect gunshot residue on a suspect.

Detect traces of blood without compromising potential DNA typing.

A stain can tentatively be identified as blood by:

A. The Marquis test

B. The Benadryl test

C. The Christmas Tree test

D. The Kastle-Meyer test

E. Phadebas test

The Kastle-Meyer test

Acid-phosphatase is a major constituent of:

A. Blood

B. Saliva

C. Semen

D. Vomit

E. Perspiration

Semen

Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA?

A. Adenine

B. Thymine

C. Cytosine

D. Uracil

E. Guanine

Uracil

This type of DNA is maternally inherited:

A. Nuclear

B. PCR

C. Y chromosomal

D. STR

E. Mitochondrial

Mitochondrial

The greatest advantage of DNA polymorphism is:

A. The ability to reveal greater individual variability

B. The ability to conclusively prove a suspect's guilt

C. It requires only a small sample

D. It produces greater probability

E. The ability to distinguish between male and female DNA

The ability to reveal greater individual variability

CODIS is a national system of:

A. Vastly enhanced 911 emergency systems.

B. Computers to track the movement of sex offenders released from prison.

C. Shared databases of fingerprints.

D. Shared databases of all vehicle operators with valid licenses.

E. Shared databases of DNA typing information from convicted felons and crime-scene evidence.

Shared databases of DNA typing information from convinced felons and crime-evidence.

Human FGA is a highly polymorphic STR locus used in forensic identification. If allele 22 has a frequency of 0.033 and allele 19 has a frequency of 0.036, what would be the combined probability of a person having the profile of FGA 22,19.

A. 1:1200

B. 1:0.002

C. 1:14

D. 1:842

E. 1:419

1:419