N3381 PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING EXAM 1 CONTENT REVIEW

Flashcards for Exam 1 Review

What are the art and science aspects of nursing?

Art: Using intuition, experience, and creativity to provide individualized care. Science: Using research and evidence-based practices to guide nursing interventions

What are three important aspects of the nurse-patient relationship?

Attending: Being fully present with the patient. Caring: Showing empathy and concern. Advocacy: Protecting patient rights

List the 5 A's of Evidence-based Practice.

Ask a question, Acquire evidence, Appraise the evidence, Apply to practice, Assess outcomes

What does the Recovery Model emphasize?

Hope, personal responsibility, and individual pathways to recovery, focusing on living a meaningful life despite mental illness

What are the key principles of Trauma-Informed Care?

Safety, Trustworthiness, Peer support, Collaboration, Empowerment, Cultural issues

What does psychiatric nursing practice focus on?

Therapeutic relationships and holistic care, integrating biological, psychological, and social aspects of mental health

How can resilience be developed?

Through social connections, self-care, positive thinking, and learning from experiences

What are the characteristics of someone who is mentally healthy?

Good reality testing, meaningful relationships, productive functioning

How do nurses combat stigma?

Through education and modeling acceptance towards people with mental illness

What is the DSM-5 TR used for?

Diagnostic manual for mental health conditions, providing criteria for diagnosis but not treatment guidelines

How should nurses approach mental health treatment with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds?

Nurses must provide culturally competent care, recognizing that mental health symptoms and treatment preferences vary across cultures

Define prevalence in epidemiology.

Number of cases existing at a given time (e.g., 1% of population has schizophrenia)

What is Harry Stack Sullivan's interpersonal theory?

Mental illness stems from problematic relationships; behavior is driven by the need to avoid anxiety in social situations

List Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-actualization

List the interventions related to physiological needs, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Airway, breathing, circulation, food, water, sleep

What are the core concepts of Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy?

Genuineness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard; people have an innate ability to grow when provided a supportive environment

What are the phases of interpersonal relations in nursing according to Hildegard Peplau?

Orientation, Working, Termination

What are the levels of anxiety?

Mild, Moderate, Severe, Panic

How does mild anxiety affect learning and perception?

Enhances learning and perception

How can Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) help patients?

Identifies and changes negative thought patterns; Replace distorted thoughts with realistic ones

What is the function of GABA?

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter; acts as brain's 'brake pedal'

Medications that enhance GABA treat what conditions?

Anxiety disorders, seizures, insomnia, and muscle spasms

What is the function of Acetylcholine (ACh)?

Memory formation, learning, attention, muscle movement

What are the clinical significance of Dopamine?

Antipsychotics block dopamine; Understanding pathways explains both therapeutic effects and side effects

What are the clinical significance of Norepinephrine?

Explains why SNRIs can increase blood pressure

Describe Serotonin Syndrome.

Too much serotonin - confusion, agitation, tremor, hyperthermia

What is the clinical significance of Histamine when considering medication side effects?

Explains why some medications cause weight gain and sedation

Define the sympathetic nervous system.

Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine (and epinephrine). Effects: ↑ heart rate, ↑ blood pressure, dilated pupils, ↓ digestion, ↑ blood glucose. Mental health: Overactive in anxiety disorders, panic attacks. Medications: Beta-blockers reduce sympathetic activity

Define the parasympathetic nervous system.

Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine. Effects: ↓ heart rate, ↓ blood pressure, ↑ digestion, constricted pupils. Mental health: Promotes calm and relaxation. Medications: Anticholinergics block this system

What mnemonic can you use to recall muscarinic receptor blockade?

"Dry as a bone, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, hot as hell, red as a beet"

List the extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).

Acute dystonia, drug-induced Parkinsonism, Akathisia, and Tardive dyskinesia

What are primary, secondary, and tertiary intervention?

Primary: Prevent illness. Secondary: Early detection and treatment. Tertiary: Reduce disability from existing illness

How do you prioritize triaging inpatient admissions?

Prioritize by safety risk and severity. Highest priority: Active suicide/homicide risk with plan and means. Consider available resources and alternatives to hospitalization

List basic patients' rights.

Least restrictive treatment, Right to refuse treatment, Informed consent

List the Ethical Principles.

Autonomy, Justice, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Fidelity, Veracity

What requirements must be met before using seclusion and restraints?

Last resort only, requires physician order, time limits based on age, Continuous monitoring required

What is generally included in objective documentation?

Accurate, timely, objective. Include direct quotes when relevant. Never alter records

What are the components of the nursing process steps?

Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcomes, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

What are the important components to assess during the Mental Status Exam?

Appearance, Speech, Mood, Affect, Thought process, Thought content, Insight, Judgment

What is assessed during the Psychosocial Assessment?

Living situation, support systems, work/school functioning, Coping skills, stressors, cultural/spiritual factors, Substance use, legal history

What are the components of Problem-oriented Charting using Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan (SOAP)?

S: Subjective (what patient says). O: Objective (what you observe). A: Assessment (your analysis). P: Plan (interventions)

Give examples of therapeutic communication techniques.

Offering self: 'I'll sit with you'. Open-ended questions: 'Tell me more about…'. Reflection: 'You sound angry'. Clarification: 'Help me understand…'. Silence: Give time to think

What does SOLER stand for?

Sit squarely, Open posture, Lean in, Eye contact, Relax

Distinguish between Sympathy and Empathy.

Empathy: Understanding feelings without taking them on ('I see this is hard for you'). Sympathy: Feeling sorry for patient ('I feel so bad for you')

What are the phases of a therapeutic relationship?

Orientation, Working, Termination

What are the core conditions for a therapeutic relationship?

Empathy, Genuineness, and Positive Regard

What are the components and treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Excessive worry for 6+ months, Physical symptoms: muscle tension, fatigue, Treatment: SSRIs, SNRIs, Buspirone

What are the treatment options for Panic Disorder?

SSRIs, short-term benzodiazepines

What are defense mechanisms?

Unconscious ways to cope with anxiety such as denial, projection, rationalization, repression

List anxiety therapy techniques.

Cognitive restructuring, Progressive muscle relaxation, Systematic desensitization, Flooding, Thought stopping, Relaxation: Deep breathing, imagery, meditation