6.2 Bio

central dogma

DNA to RNA to Protein; created by Francis Crick

protein synthesis

the flow of information from DNA to proteins

gene

a piece of DNA that provides instructions for a cell to make a certain protein

false

the amount of genes an organism has directly related to its complexity

function of protiens

storage, transport, maintaining homeostasis, movement, structure, catalyzing reactions

transcription

process of copying a sequence of DNA into mRNA

mRNA

disposable copy of the DNA message; the “messenger”

translation

decodes the mRNA to produce a protein; occurs in the cytoplasm

true

before translation occurs, mRNA is spliced into a new combination of nucleotides

initiation

transitional complex forms, tRNA brings first amino acid in polypeptide chain to bind to start codon on mRNA

elongation

tRNAs bring amino acids one by one to add to polypeptide chain

termination

release factor recognizes stop codon, translational complex disassociates, and completed polypeptide is released

ribosomes

made of rRNA and proteins

codon

three-nucleotide mRNA sequence that codes for an amino acid

AUG

start code

UGA, UAG, UAA

stop codes

mutation

changes the sequence of nucleotides in an organisms DNA

point mutation

one nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide

frameshift mutation

involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence

tRNA

holds the anti codon

introns

nucleotide segments that are not included in the final protein

extrons

nucleotide segments that code for parts of the protein