Brain (2nd Section)

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Human Physiology

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52 Terms

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Cerebrum

Largest Section of Brain

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What is the function of the cerebrum

Associated with sensory/motor functions; higher mental functions (memory/reasoning)

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Contains the left/right cerebral hemispheres

Cerebrum (Contains)

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Left hemisphere function

Language, speech, wrighting, reading, complex analytical skills

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Right hemisphere function

Nonverbal functions, musical patterns, body kinesthetics, emotions

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Corpus Callosum

Deep bridge of nerve fibers that connect hemispheres

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Convolutions

gyri (ridges) on surface of cerebrum

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Sulcus

Shallow groove

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Fissure

Deep Groove

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Lobes

Frontal, parital, temporal, occipital

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Cerebral Cortex

Outermost portion of cerebrum

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Cerebrospinal Fluid

Completely surrounds brain & SC

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Diencephalons

Between cerebral hemispheres/above midbrain

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What does the diencephalon contain?

Thalamus, hypothalamus, optic tracts, optic chiasma, pituitary gland, pineal gland, limbic system

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What does the Thalamus do

Receives all sensory info

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What does hypothalamus do

Maintains homeostasis

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Brain Stem

Bundle of nervous tissue that connects cerebrum to SC

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Functions of Brain Stem

Connects various parts of Nervous System and regulates visceral activities

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Midbrain

Visual reflex centers, auditory reflex centers

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Pons

Sensory impulses, breathing (rounded bulge on underside

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Medulla Oblongata

All nerve fibers must pass through here (pons to foramen magnum)

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Three important parts of the Medulla Oblongata

Cardiac center, vasomotor, respiratory

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Cardiac Center

controls heartrate

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Vasomotor

Controls vasoconstriction/vasodilation of blood vessels

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Respiratory

Controls Breathing

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Reticular Activation System (RAS)

Responsible for wakefulness and if damaged could result in coma

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Cerebellum

Located posterior to pons and Medulla Oblongata (primarily white matter)

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Function of Cerebellum

Coordinate voluntary muscular movements

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Cerebellar Cortex

Thin gray matter on surface of cerebellum

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CNS depressants

sedation, anesthesia, respiratory distress, cardiovascular collapse, death
Example: Valium, Xanax, Alcohol

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CNS Stimulants

Arrives quickly to brain stem; VERY easily addictive; euphoria; sudden death
Example: Crack/cocaine, amphetamines, Ecstasy, caffeine, nicotine

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Hallucinogens

Causes sensory perception with no external stimuli; cause illusions/distortions, greatly overestimate abilities
Example: LSD, marijuana, PCP

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Opiates

Very powerful painkillers; very highly addictive; base is opium plant
Example: Heroin, morphine, codeine, oxycontin

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What is the function of the meninges?

Extends inward between lobes of the brain and forms supportive and protective partitions.

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What are the 3 meninge layers?

Arachnoid mater, Dura mater, pia mater

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Arachnoid Mater

Thin weblike membrane (middle layer)

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Pia Mater

Innermost layer, “hugs” the brain and spinal cord

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Subarachnoid Space

Where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is

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Epidural Space

Outside of dura mater; having and “blank” requires putting certain medicine in this space

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Dura mater

Means “tough mother” (outer covering)

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Subdural Space

Subdural hematomas occur here; cause swelling and blood accumulation around brain

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Subdural hematoma

Blood that accumulate below the dura mater

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What builds up that causes the risk of fatality in a subdural hematoma?

pressure

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Motor

Bring impulse from cortex to effectors

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Sensory

From receptors to cortex

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Association

Figure it out “tell you what it is”

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Optic Tract and Opic Chiasma

Vision

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Pituitary Gland

Master Gland

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Pineal Gland

Very Small

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Limbic System

Controls Emotions

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Abor Vitae

Treelike pattern of white matter surrounded by gray matter

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