Chapter 15 Quiz Questions

Metabolic syndrome is an umbrella term that includes several risk factors for coronary heart disease including

type 2 diabetes.
hypertension.
abdominal obesity.
All of the above are correct

Metabolic syndrome is an umbrella term that includes several risk factors for coronary heart disease including

type 2 diabetes.
hypertension.
abdominal obesity.
All of the above are correct

All of the above are correct

Increased visceral fat is associated with an increased risk of developing several chronic diseases. The biological link between visceral fat and disease is complex. However, an increase in visceral fat can increase the risk of disease by

promoting the release of inflammatory molecules (i.e., cytokines) into the blood.

promoting chronic systemic inflammation.

triggering abnormal cell signaling and radical production.

All of the above answers are correct

All of the above answers are correct

Exercise epidemiology is

a branch of epidemiology that studies the physiology of exercise.

a branch of epidemiology that investigates the role that sedentary behavior and physical activity play in determining health and the risk of disease.

unrelated to the discipline of epidemiology.

None of the above are correct

a branch of epidemiology that investigates the role that sedentary behavior and physical activity play in determining health and the risk of disease.

Meeting the US physical activity guidelines for the recommended amount of aerobic physical activity increases life expectancy. For example, meeting the US physical activity guidelines for the recommended amount of aerobic physical activity can increase your lifespan by almost

1 year.
2 years.
3 years.
>4 years.

2 years.

Sedentary behavior is defined as any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure of

< 1 MET.
< 3 METs.
1.5 METs or less.
1.6-2.0 METs.

1.5 METs or less.

Of the determinants of health and longevity, which of the following factors makes the greatest contribution?

lifestyle behavior
health care
genetics
environmental factors

lifestyle behavior

The term "epidemiology" refers to the study of

risk factors for epidermal diseases.

risk factors for viral epidemics.

patterns and determinants of health and disease.

diseases of the skin.

patterns and determinants of health and disease.

Prolonged sitting is associated with increased all-cause mortality. In fact, sitting for more than 8 hours per day can increase your risk of all-cause mortality by

30%.
36%.
60%.
100%.

60%.

Moderate physical activity is defined as

1.0-1.5 METs of energy expenditure.

1.6- 2.9 METS of energy expenditure.

3 to 5.9 METs of energy expenditure.

6 METS and above.

3 to 5.9 METs of energy expenditure.

Several mechanisms contribute to the exercise-induced reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for this protection?

improved brain blood flow

neurogenesis

increased volume of cerebral spinal fluid

increased hippocampal volume

increased volume of cerebral spinal fluid

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that results in

a reduction in blood oxygen tension.

a reduction in the number of capillaries surrounding skeletal muscles.

a reduction in the number of red blood cells in the blood.

narrowing of arteries due to the buildup of fatty plaque.

narrowing of arteries due to the buildup of fatty plaque.

Several mechanisms contribute to the resistance training-induced reduction in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for this protection?

increased whole-body insulin sensitivity

reduced abdominal fat

increased insulin release from pancreas

increased abundance of GLUT4 in skeletal muscles

increased insulin release from pancreas

Resistance training reduces the risk of cancer by

lowering blood pressure.

reducing inflammation and improved immune function.

reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.

reducing your risk of COPD.

reducing inflammation and improved immune function.

Prolonged sitting (>8 hours/day) increases the risk of all-cause mortality by 60%. Fortunately, performing regular bouts of aerobic exercise can decrease the risk of all-cause mortality due to sitting. How much exercise is required to completely reduce the risk associated with 6-8 hours of sitting each day?

2 times the recommended amount of weekly aerobic exercise

3 times the recommended amount of weekly aerobic exercise

4 times the recommended amount of weekly aerobic exercise

4.7 times the recommended amount of weekly aerobic exercise

4.7 times the recommended amount of weekly aerobic exercise

Meeting (or exceeding) the recommended weekly amount of aerobic exercise can reduce your risk of developing which of the following chronic diseases?

type 1 diabetes, cancer, and coronary heart disease

cancer, coronary heart disease, and type 2 diabetes

COPD, stroke, and type 1 diabetes

COPD, coronary heart disease, and stroke

cancer, coronary heart disease, and type 2 diabetes

Performing regular aerobic physical activity can reduce your risk of cancer by which of the following mechanisms?

improving immune function

reducing metastasis

promoting natural killer cell and T cell infiltration into tumors resulting in slowed tumor growth

All of above are correct

All of above are correct

Sitting for as few as 4-6 hours can increase the risk of death from coronary heart disease by

30%.
60%.
75%.
90%.

30%.

The current physical activity guidelines recommend that adults should accumulate

150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week.

>200 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week.

> 500 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity per week.

None of the above answers are correct

150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week.

Prolonged sedentary behavior negatively impacts skeletal muscles by

promoting mitochondrial damage and increased radical production.

promoting an increase in gene expression of mitochondrial proteins.

promoting an increase in gene expression of insulin receptors.

None of above are correct

promoting mitochondrial damage and increased radical production.

Aerobic physical activity can lower arterial blood pressure via several physiological mechanisms. Which of the following is NOT one of these mechanisms?

increasing production of nitric oxide in blood vessels

increased angiogenesis

decreased venous return resulting in lower stroke volumes

reduced arterial stiffness

decreased venous return resulting in lower stroke volumes

Performance of regular aerobic exercise can protect the heart against the damage that occurs during a heart attack. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism responsible for this protection?

increased cellular antioxidants

enhanced mitochondrial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion damage

increased volume of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

improved cellular calcium handling

increased volume of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Performance of regular aerobic exercise protects the heart against damage during a heart attack; this protection is called

exercise-induced mediation.

exercise-induced ablation.

exercise-induced cardioprotection.

None of above are correct

exercise-induced cardioprotection.

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is defined as

elevation in systolic (>130 mm Hg) or diastolic (>80 mm Hg) blood pressure.

elevation in systolic (>140 mm Hg) or diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure.

elevation in systolic (>150 mm Hg) or diastolic (>70 mm Hg) blood pressure.

elevation in systolic (>160 mm Hg) or diastolic (>95 mm Hg) blood pressure.

elevation in systolic (>130 mm Hg) or diastolic (>80 mm Hg) blood pressure.

Which of the following statements about resistance training and health is true?

Resistance training reduces the risk of all-cause mortality.

Resistance training alone does NOT reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.

Combining resistance training with aerobic training results in an additive protection against all-cause mortality.

Both A and C are true

Both A and C are true

The hazard ratio is defined as

an estimate of the risk of dying from coronary heart disease.

an estimate of the risk of death in a group of individuals compared to a reference group.

an estimate of the risk of dying from physical inactivity.

None of above are correct

an estimate of the risk of death in a group of individuals compared to a reference group.

Resistance training reduces the risk of all-cause mortality by lowering the risk of death from A.

type 1 diabetes and hypertension.

hypertension and autoimmune disorders.

type 2 diabetes and cancer.

COPD and type 1 diabetes.

type 2 diabetes and cancer.

The ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol is deemed a good index of your risk of developing coronary heart disease. A ratio of _________to _________ is labeled as healthy.

5 to 6
4 to 5
3.6 to 4
1 to 3.5

1 to 3.5

The global initiative "Exercise is Medicine" has the central goal of making physical activity assessment and exercise prescription a standard part of disease prevention and treatment. To make this happen, the Exercise is Medicine program has promoted the use of a physical activity vital sign. The physical activity vital sign consists of the following two questions:

How many days per week do you stretch and eat vegetables?

How many days per week do you exercise at moderate/vigorous activity and how many minutes do you exercise each day?

How many days per week do you eat a balanced diet and engage in yoga?

None of above are correct

How many days per week do you exercise at moderate/vigorous activity and how many minutes do you exercise each day?

Prolonged sitting (>8 hours/day) increases the risk of death from coronary heart disease by

30%.
40%.
60%.
90%.

60%.

Meeting the US physical activity guidelines for the recommended amount of aerobic physical activity lowers the risk of all-cause mortality by _________ which is approximately _________ of the maximal benefit of regular exercise.

10%, 50%
20%, 80%
30%, 75%
None of above are correct

30%, 75%

Nine major risk factors exist for the development of coronary heart disease. Which of the following risk factors cannot be managed by lifestyle changes?

physical inactivity
obesity and overweight
genetics
diabetes

genetics