242 Film Midterm

Eadaward Maybridge

did the horse flipbook experiment which in turn created motion pictures

Aspect Ratio

the height and width of the frame

4×3

1.33:1 is what else?

16×9

1.78:1 is what else?

1.33:1

standard TV and films

1.78:1

high def TV

1.85:1

widescreen film

2.39:1

anamorphic film

Frame rate

Frames shown per second (FPS)

24fps

standard fps

<24fps

fps that creates fast motion pictures

>24fps

fps that creates slow motion pictures

29.97fps

NTCS color video standard

23.98fps

TV standard fps

25fps

PALS, European TV standard

Focal Length

size of the lense expressed in mm

Focus Distance

the distance from the camera’s sensor to the critical focus point, in ft

F-Stop

size of the iris opening that controls how much light reaches the sensor

1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32

F-stop range

50mm

what is a normal size lens

<50mm

wide lens size

>50mm

telephoto lens size

stretches space and creates a bigger depth of field

what does a wide lens do

compresses space and creates a smaller depth of field

what does a telephoto lens do

Citizen Kane

example of wide lens

Stand by Me

example of telephoto lens

on the intersecting lines of the rule of thirds

where do you place your subject in the frame

Shutter

controls the amount of time that the film is exposed to light

double of what your fps is, 1/48

what should your shutter speed be

Iris

what controls the f-stop

it changes the size of the lens aperture, it controls how much light gets to the sensor

what does the iris do

f-stops

what is the size of the aperture measured in

half or double

when you move up and down the f-stop you are changing how much light

it gets darker and increases the depth of field

moving down the f-stop scale what happens

it gets lighter and decreases the depth of field

moving up the f-stop scale  what happens

opening up

moving to the lower numbers is called what

closing down

moving to the higher numbers is called what

focus distance

moving your focus ring changes what

depth of field

area that is in focus

focal length, f-stop, and focus distance

what 3 things affect your DOF

make shot wider or change camera angle

what can you do to avoid jump cuts

• use line as stepping stone

• actor crossing it

• cross it with the camera

• use a cutaway

what are 4 ways to cross 180

Kuleshov effect

the idea that people get meaning from multiple shots, not just one

Stanley Kubrick

example of Kuleshov effect

amplitude

what is the volume of the shot that is represented by the height of the wave

wavelength

the pitch/frequency of a sound, the shorter this is, the higher the frequency

dynamic mic

mic that uses vibrations from magnets to collect sound

condenser mic

mic that needs a power source to collect sound 

Omnidirectional

circle pick up pattern

Cardiod

upside down gumdrop pick up pattern

Hypercardiod

upside down almond nail pick up pattern

shotgun

upside down stiletto nail pick up pattern

further away 

moving a light where will create harsher shadows

Bounce or diffuse

what 2 things can you do to soften a light

kelvins

what is light color temp measured in

key, fill, back

what are apart of 3 point lighting

key light

main source of light, 45 degree angle to subject

fill light

fills in the shadows, a soft light placed opposite side of camera

back light

placed behind the subject to separate them from the background