Chapter 78 Stress and glucocorticoids

What is the three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome

• alarm

• resistance

• exhaustion

what happens in the stage of alarm?

the stressor occurs, this mobilizes the resources.

what happens in the stage of resistance?

the body is trying to cope with the stress

what happens in the stage of exhaustion?

Your energy reserves are depleted (you got no more fight in you)

Who is the research that places stress on rats, trying to get a stress response?

Hans Selye

What did Hans Selye make?

the general adaptation syndrome

Does the body knows how long or what level of stress you will be under?

NO

What is the difference of hypertrophy and hyperplasia?

Hypertrophy is the enlarged growth of something (like cells). Hyperplasia is just the increase of the number of cells.

What does cerebriform mean?

Having the shape of the brain

What is Cortisol and what does it do?

It is a steroid hormone (aka the stress hormone). It prepares the body for fight or flight response.

What does aldosterone do?

It regulates fluid and salt uptake in the kidneys, the blood pressure, and blood volume.

what are androgens?

a sex hormone as in estrogen, and testosterone

What is the Zona Reticularis and what does it do?

it is the innermost part of the adrenal cortex (the outside layer of the adrenal gland) and it produces androgens.

What are glucocorticoids? What does it stimulate? What is it used for?

it is cortisol, cortisone, and corticosterone. It is used for inflammation. It stimulates gluconeogenesis.

What is gluconeogenesis?

The production of glucose from non glucose producing organs (such as the kidneys, proteins, etc.)

what happens when you receive a cortisol shot?

reduce inflammation and pain in the treated area

What are some metabolic effects of glucocorticoids?

Carbohydrate Metabolism, protein metabolism, and fat metabolism

what happens with carbohydrate metabolism?

• This stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis (production of glucose generation from the liver)

• It increases the settlement of glycogen in the liver

• antagonizes the peripheral action of insulin on glucose uptake (basically working against the insulin in the body's tissues)

what happens with protein metabolism?

• it inhibits amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in the surrounding liver tissues

• A strong protein-breaking agent in body tissues like muscles, skin, and bones.

• a hormone helps the liver take in amino acids that are then used by the liver to make glucose. (gluconeogenesis)

• This is muscle wasting

What happens with fat metabolism?

• it increases mobilisation of fatty acids.

• Stimulates the lipolysis (fat breakdown into glycerol and free fatty acids) in adipose tissue.

• Increases the process of laying down the fat in the facial and truncal alreas.