criminalk law

What are the 4 elements required for an act to be considered a crime in Canada?

1. Actus Reus (guilty act) 2. Mens Rea (guilty mind) 3. No valid legal excuse 4. It must be listed in law

What is Actus Reus?

The physical action or omission that breaks the law

What is Mens Rea?

The intention or knowledge that the act was wrong or illegal

What is a summary offence?

A less serious crime; max penalty is usually $5,000 fine or 6 months in jail

What is an indictable offence?

A serious crime; punishable by 2 years to life in prison

What is a hybrid offence?

A crime that can be treated as either summary or indictable, based on the Crown’s decision

What’s the difference between murder and manslaughter?

Murder involves intent to kill; manslaughter is unintentional killing due to recklessness

What’s the difference between theft and robbery?

Theft is taking property without permission; robbery involves force or threats

What is a drug offence?

Crimes related to possession, trafficking, or production of illegal drugs

What is a traffic crime?

Serious violations of traffic laws like impaired or dangerous driving

What is a misdemeanour?

Minor offence like trespassing, nuisance, or disturbing the peace

What is intent in criminal law?

The decision to commit a crime with awareness of the consequences

What is a legal defence?

An explanation that excuses the crime, like self-defence, insanity, duress, alibi, etc.

What is an absolute liability offence?

Crime where intent doesn’t matter; committing the act = guilty; no defence allowed

What is a strict liability offence?

Intent isn’t required, but you can avoid guilt by proving due diligence