EXAM 3- PATHO

Erythropoiesis

Process of red blood cell production in bone marrow.

Hemoglobin Structure

Protein in red blood cells carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Bilirubin

Byproduct of red blood cell breakdown, processed by liver.

Transfusion Therapy

Administration of blood products to patients.

Transfusion Reactions

Adverse effects occurring after blood transfusion.

Anemia

Condition of insufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin.

Macrocytic Anemias

Anemias characterized by larger than normal red blood cells.

Microcytic-Hypochromic Anemias

Anemias with smaller, paler red blood cells.

Anemia of Chronic Disease

Anemia linked to chronic inflammation or illness.

Aplastic Anemia

Failure of bone marrow to produce sufficient blood cells.

Hemolytic Anemias

Anemias caused by premature destruction of red blood cells.

Myeloproliferative Disorders

Group of diseases causing increased blood cell production.

Thrombocytopenia

Condition of low platelet count in blood.

Thrombocythemia

Condition of high platelet count in blood.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Serious disorder causing abnormal blood clotting throughout body.

Diseases of the Veins

Conditions affecting venous structures and function.

Hypertension

Elevated blood pressure above normal levels.

Hypotension

Abnormally low blood pressure causing symptoms.

Aneurysm

Abnormal bulge in a blood vessel wall.

Thrombus Formation

Clot formation within a blood vessel.

Embolism

Blockage caused by a traveling clot.

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Narrowing of blood vessels outside the heart.

Raynaud Phenomenon

Vasospasm in fingers or toes due to cold.

Atherosclerosis

Hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque.

Coronary Artery Disease

Narrowing of coronary arteries reducing blood flow.

Dyslipidemia

Abnormal levels of lipids in the blood.

Myocardial Infarction

Heart tissue damage due to blocked blood supply.

Infective Endocarditis

Infection of the heart's inner lining by microorganisms.

Mitral Stenosis

Narrowing of the mitral valve affecting blood flow.

Mitral Regurgitation

Backflow of blood through the mitral valve.

Heart Failure

Inability of the heart to pump effectively.

Left Heart Failure

Failure of the left ventricle to pump blood.

Right Heart Failure

Failure of the right ventricle to pump blood.

Shock

Critical condition with inadequate blood flow.

Septic Shock

Shock caused by severe infection and inflammation.

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Failure of multiple organ systems due to illness.