Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

long bones

longer than they are wide

flat bones

thin with parallel surfaces

sutural bones

small, irregular; found between flat bones of the skull

irregular bones

complex shapes

short bones

small and thick

sesamoid bones

small and flat

compact bone

Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone

spongy bone

Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone

diaphysis

tubular shaft that forms the axis of long bones

medullary cavity

contains yellow bone marrow

epiphysis

expanded ends of bone

epiphyseal line

separates the diaphysis from the epiphyses; where the bone grows

bone matrix

calcium phosphate and collagen fibers

calcium phosphate

2/3 the weight of the bone; makes bone hard and able to withstand compression

collagen fibers

makes bones flexible, tough, and able to twist and bend

canaculi

form pathways for blood vessels; exchange nutrients and wastes

periosteum

covers the outer surfaces of bones, consists of outer fibrous and inner cellular layers

osteocytes

mature bone cells in lacunae

osteoblasts

bone makers

osteoid

matrix produced by osteoblasts, but not yet calcified to form bone

osteoprogenitor cells

mesenchymal stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts

osteoclasts

bone dissolvers

bone homeostasis

bone building and bone recycling must balance

osteon

structural unit of compact bone

haversian canal

contains blood vessels and nerves

volkmann canals

carry blood vessels into bone and marrow

concentric lamellae

lamellae in an osteon

interstitial lamellae

old, broken down osteons

circumferential lamellae

circumnavigates the bone (outside)

structure of spongy bone

no osteons and no blood vessels; trabeculae; space between trabeculae is filled with red and yellow bone marrow

Sharpey's fibers (perforating fibers)

connect the periosteum to the bone

Howship's lacunae

where osteoclasts are found

Synarthroses

immoveable joints; also called fibrous joints

Amphiarthroses

slightly moveable; also called cartilaginous joints

Diarthroses

freely moveable; also called synovial joints

suture

a synarthrosis joint

pubic symphysis

an amphiarthrosis joint

plane joint

short slipping or gliding; wrist

hinge joint

back and forth; knee or elbow

pivot joint

one bone rotates around another bone; radius and ulna

condylar joint

side to side; fingers

saddle joint

convex and concave areas; thumb

ball-and-socket

head of one bone fits into a cup-like cavity of another bone; hip

Fibrous joint

bones connected by thick fibrous tissue; allows no movement

cartilaginous joints

bones connected by cartilage; allows only slight movement

synovial joints

bones separated by a fluid-filled cavity; allows variety of motion

Synarthroses

immoveable joints; also called fibrous joints

Amphiarthroses

slightly moveable; also called cartilaginous joints

Diarthroses

freely moveable; also called synovial joints

suture

a synarthrosis joint

pubic symphysis

an amphiarthrosis joint

plane joint

short slipping or gliding; wrist

hinge joint

back and forth; knee or elbow

pivot joint

one bone rotates around another bone; radius and ulna

condylar joint

side to side; fingers

saddle joint

convex and concave areas; thumb

ball-and-socket

head of one bone fits into a cup-like cavity of another bone; hip

Fibrous joint

bones connected by thick fibrous tissue; allows no movement

cartilaginous joints

bones connected by cartilage; allows only slight movement

synovial joints

bones separated by a fluid-filled cavity; allows variety of motion

spongy bone, medullary cavity

Osteoclasts break down ______ of diaphysis to create _______

Osseous tissue

bone tissue

Ossification

formation/creation of bone in the body