Particulate Nature of Matter

Matter

Anything that has mass and can occupy space. it is composed of baryonic materials.

Solid

Rigid, has fixed volume and definite shape.

Spaces between particles are very small. Molecules are very close together and cannot move around.

Liquid

Can flow, has volume, but no definite shape.

Molecules can slide past one another and this account for its fluidity.

Gas

No fixed volume and no definite shape.

Has the capacity to diffuse and fill the container where they are placed.

Plasma

Special type of gas in which some of the atoms have become free floating ions and free electrons.

Ionization

PHASE CHANGE

Gas to Plasma

Deionization

PHASE CHANGE

Plasma to Gas

Sublimation

PHASE CHANGE

Solid to Gas

Deposition

PHASE CHANGE

Gas to Solid

Extreme phases of matter

Supercritical fluid and Degenerate matter are ___.

Supercritical fluid

Highly compressed gases which combine properties of gases and liquids.

Possesses the density of a liquid and the mobility of gas.

Degenerate matter

Collapsed state of matter.

Happens when the usual atomic structure has broken down because electromagnetic forces are overcome by gravity.

Physical property

Qualities of matter that are observable and measurable without changing its composition.

Intensive property

Physical properties of matter that are constant regardless of the amount of matter present.

Extensive property

Physical properties that are not constant and change with the amount of matter present.

Chemical property

Characteristics of matter that it exhibits when it undergoes a change in composition.

Pure substance

Matter with definite chemical composition and distinct properties.

Cannot be separated into components by physical separation techniques.

Elements

Pure in nature. Made up of atoms and cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

Metals

Good conductors of heat and electricity, high melting point, and high density.

Alkali metals

Metals found in Group IA of the periodic table. Highly reactive and do not occur freely in nature.

Alkaline earth metals

Group IIA. Two outer electrons are easily shed off to form cations with a charge +2. Also naturally occuring in nature.

Transition metals

They have a lot of electrons that are distributed in different ways. Located at the center of the periodic table.

Lanthanides

All found in nature, not radioactive, all naturally occurring except Promethium.

Located in Period 6.

Actinides

All are radioactive. All man-made except for Uranium and Thorium.

Located in Period 7, below lanthanides.

Non-metals

Are dull and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Halogens

Non-metallic elements that derive its name from the term ___ which means salt-former. Compounds containing this are called SALTS.

Noble Gases

Elements that have maximum number of electrons in their outer shell, thus not readily combining with other elements to form compound.

Metalloids

Have both the characteristics of metals and non-metals.

Compounds

Pure substances that are made from 2 or more elements that have reacted chemically with each other.

Organic

Compounds made up of the carbon element in the combination with other elements.

Inorganic

Compounds made up of other elements other than carbon.

Mixtures

Formed when two or more substances are mixed together. No chemical bonds are formed between the two substances and can be separated by chemical means.

Homogeneous mixture

When 2 or more substances are mixed and the final substance appears to have the same chemical composition.

Heterogeneous mixture

Results when the phase that were mixed are distinguishable from each other. Usually observable to the naked eye.