rules

Assimilation

A sound assimilates the features of an adjacent sound

Dissimilation

Two sounds with common features become dissimilated

Insertion or epenthesis

Insertion of a segment

Vowel-rising/lowering/rounding/tensing

What can happen to vowels?

Vowel harmony

Vowels acquire the same features as their neighboring vowels

Palatalization

Sound changes its place of articulation to the palato-velar area

Ellison

Deletion of a sound

Syllabification

Consonant becomes the nucleus of a syllable

Desyllabification

Vowel becomes consonant. ‘Nadia → Nadja’

Metathesis

Segments change order

Spirantization

Fricative becomes stop before V

Bleeding

Rule A stops rule B from applying

Feeding

Rule A creates the environment for Rule B to happen

Counterbleeding

Two rules that should bleed each other end up applying successfully in the output.

Counterfeeding

Two rules who should feed each other happen in a different order and end up not applying